Novel milestones for early esophageal carcinoma: From bench to bed

Figure 3 Tumorigenic properties of Fusobacteriumnucleatum and Porphyromonasgingivalis in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Microorganisms play an important role in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and people with low esophageal microbial richness and salivary microbial diversity may be more likely to progress to esophageal squamous dysplasia (a precursor to ESCC) and ESCC. Fusobacterium nucleatum promoted the early progression of ESCC by upregulating the expression of IL-32/PRTN3 and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae upregulates TLR4/MyD88 expression, which in turn activates GARP-mediated TGFβ/Smad signaling, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of ESCC. Fn: Fusobacterium nucleatum; Pg: Porphyromonas gingivalis; FimA: Fimbriae. Citation: The figure was created by author using MedPeer. The authors have obtained the permission for figure using from the medpeer.cn (Supplementary material).