Risk factors, prognostic factors, and nomograms for distant metastasis in patients with diagnosed duodenal cancer: A population-based study

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses in duodenal cancer patients with distant metastasis

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age, yr
< 60	Reference			Reference
60-70	1.768	1.379-2.265	< 0.001	1.648	1.280-2.123	< 0.001
> 70	2.276	1.793-2.891	< 0.001	1.848	1.450-2.356	0.002
Race
Black	Reference
White	1.042	0.825-1.316	0.771
Other	0.702	0.467-1.054	0.152
Sex
Female	Reference
Male	1.216	1.001-1.478	0.098
Marital status
Married	Reference
Single	1.267	1.045-1.536-	0.044
Income
$50000-$70000	Reference
< $50000	1.127	0.851-1.493	0.484
> $70000	0.841	0.684-1.034	0.169
PRCDA
No	Reference
Yes	0.981	0.796-1.210	0.882
T
T1-T2	Reference			Reference
T3-T4	1.814	1.384-2.376	< 0.001	1.481	1.126-1.947	0.018
N
N0	Reference
N1-N2	1.078	0.890-1.307	0.519
Grade
I	Reference
II	2.805	1.840-4.276	< 0.001	2.833	1.827-4.394	< 0.001
III-IV	3.642	2.442-5.432	< 0.001	3.083	2.030-4.682	< 0.001
Tumor size, mm
< 25	Reference
≥ 25	1.870	1.415-2.470	< 0.001	1.410	1.055- 1.884	0.051
Histological type
Adenocarcinoma	Reference
Carcinoid tumor	0.146	0.083-0.257	< 0.001	0.163	0.088-0.300	< 0.001
Other	0.471	0.379-0.586	< 0.001	0.567	0.450-0.713	< 0.001
Surgery
No
Yes	0.361	0.285-0.456	< 0.001	0.455	0.357 -0.581	< 0.001
Chemotherapy
No
Yes	0.767	0.631- 0.931	0.024	0.6004	0.491-0.734	< 0.001
Radiation
No
Yes	1.232	0.944-1.608	0.197
Bone
No
Yes	3.094	2.065-4.635	< 0.001	3.239	2.138- 4.908	< 0.001
Liver
No
Yes	1.067	0.844- 1.347	0.650
Brain
No
Yes	1.958	0.854-4.486	0.183
Lung
no
Yes	1.332	0.987-1.797	0.116

HR: Hazard ratio; PRCDA: Purchased Referred Care Delivery Area.