Pathological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma: A comprehensive review

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 14, Issue 3

Peer-Review Report of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

ISSN

1948-5204

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Review

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Mar 15, 2022; 14(3): 607-627
Published online Mar 15, 2022. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.607

Table 1 Definite and probable risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma

Definite risk factors
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Liver fluke infection (Opisthorchis viverrine, Clonorchis sinensis)
Hepatolithiasis
Biliary malformation (choledochal cysts, Caroli’s disease, congenital hepatic fibrosis)
Thorotrast
Probable risk factors
Alcohol
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Cirrhosis
Toxins (dioxin, polyvinyl chloride)
Biliary–enteric drainage procedures
Inflammatory bowel disease
Asbestos
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity
Smoking
Chronic pancreatitis

Citation: Vij M, Puri Y, Rammohan A, G G, Rajalingam R, Kaliamoorthy I, Rela M. Pathological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14(3): 607-627
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v14/i3/607.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.607

Vij M, Puri Y, Rammohan A, G G, Rajalingam R, Kaliamoorthy I, Rela M. Pathological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14(3): 607-627 [PMID: 35321284 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.607]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.