Barrett’s esophagus: Review of natural history and comparative efficacy of endoscopic and surgical therapies

Table 7 Recommendations for non-invasive Barrett’s esophagus

Stage	Annualized risk of cancer	Recommended management	Risks of intervention	Post-intervention cancer risk
NDBE	0.5%	Surveillance	Negligible	NA
LGD1	1%–3%	Surveillance or EET	Stricture 6%; Chest pain 5%; Bleeding 1%; Perforation 1%	1% per year
HGD	5%–10%	EET	Stricture 6%; Chest pain 5%; Bleeding 1%; Perforation 1%	2% per year

¹Low grade dysplasia diagnosed by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist.

HGD: High grade dysplasia; EET: Endoscopic eradication therapy; LGD: Low grade dysplasia; NDBE: Non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus; NA: Not application.