Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2021; 13(12): 1939-1955
Published online Dec 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1939
Published online Dec 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1939
Table 2 The new systemic, surgical and combined approaches to cholangiocarcinoma
| Approaches | |
| Systemic therapy | (1) Overcoming chemoresistance; (2) Genetic aberration targeted therapy; (3) Immune checkpoint inhibitors; and (4) Neuroendocrine modulation of cancer growth |
| Surgical therapy | (1) Liver venous deprivation; (2) Minimally invasive surgery; and (3) Liver transplantation |
| Combined therapy | Liver transplantation or surgical resection after radiotherapy and/or neoadjuvant treatment |
- Citation: Manzia TM, Parente A, Lenci I, Sensi B, Milana M, Gazia C, Signorello A, Angelico R, Grassi G, Tisone G, Baiocchi L. Moving forward in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13(12): 1939-1955
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v13/i12/1939.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1939