Pancreatic hyperechogenicity associated with hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance: A Japanese population study

Table 2 Age-adjusted and multivariate odds ratios for pancreatic hyperechogenicity

Confounding factor	Pancreatic hyperechogenicity (n)	Controls (n)	Age-adjusted		Multivariate3
			Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
Non-fatty liver/fatty liver	95/113	171/93	2.6 (1.8-3.9)	< 0.001	1.77 (1.15-2.72)	0.009
BMI (kg/m2), < 25/≥ 25	125/83	229/35	5.0 (3.1-8.0)	< 0.001	3.56 (2.17-5.83)	< 0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg), < 130/≥ 130	60/148	119/145	1.6 (1.1-2.5)	0.016
Diastolic BP (mmHg), < 85/≥ 85	110/98	180/84	1.9 (1.3-2.7)	0.001
Adiponectin (μg/mL)1			0.92 (0.88-0.95)	< 0.001	0.9 (0.91-0.98)	0.004
Serum insulin (μU/mL)2, ≤ 4.0/> 4.0	83/125	153/111	2.2 (1.5-3.2)	< 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL), < 110/≥ 110	198/10	251/13	0.8 (0.3-1.9)	0.593
HOMA-IR, < 2.0/≥ 2.0	177/31	253/11	4.4 (2.1-9.1)	< 0.001	2.4 (1.1-5.1)	0.032
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), ≥ 40/< 40	194/14	253/11	1.9 (0.8-4.5)	0.119
Triglyceride (mg/dL), < 150/≥ 150	173/35	234/30	1.7 (1.0-2.9)	0.055
Pancreatic isoamylase (U/L)2, ≥ 30/< 30	89/119	143/121	1.7 (1.2-2.5)	0.004	2.08 (0.95-4.57)	0.068
GPT (IU/L), < 35/≥ 35	177/31	234/30	1.7 (1.0-2.9)	0.069
Preload plasma glucose (OGTT) (mg/dL), < 110/≥ 110	189/19	247/17	1.1 (0.6-2.3)	0.710
2-h plasma glucose (OGTT) (mg/dL), < 140/≥ 140	170/38	244/20	2.4 (1.3-4.3)	0.003

¹Serum adiponectin was analyzed as a continuous variable;

²The median values for serum insulin and pancreatic isoamylase were used as the cutoff points;

³Adjusted for the age, presence of fatty liver, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, adiponectin, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, pancreatic isoamylase, GPT and 2-h plasma glucose. Odds ratios and 95%CI were estimated using the multiple logistic regression model with backward elimination. BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; GPT: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test.