Predictors of mortality after transjugular portosystemic shunt

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort

Demographics	n (%) or mean ± SD
n	418
Age (yr)	55.8 ± 11.6
Male gender	242 (57.9)
Etiologies of portal hypertension
NASH cirrhosis	132 (31.6)
Alcohol induced liver disease	105 (25.1)
HCV	105 (25.1)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	16 (3.8)
Primary biliary cirrhosis	11 (2.6)
Others1	49 (11.7)
Patient comorbidities
Systemic hypertension	155 (37.1)
Hypothyroidism	50 (12.0)
COPD/ILD	34 (8.1)
Sleep apnea	20 (4.8)
Cardiac heart failure	18 (4.3)
Chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis	17 (4.1)
Valvular heart disease	17 (4.1)
Sarcoidosis	5 (1.2)
Splenectomy	5 (1.2)
Scleroderma	4 (1.0)
Cocaine use	4 (1.0)
HIV	1 (0.2)
Indications for TIPS
GI bleeding	182 (43.5)
Refractory ascites	157 (37.6)
Hepatic hydrothorax	51 (12.2)
Others2	28 (6.7)
Basic laboratory parameters
Serum albumin (g/dL)	2.9 ± 0.7
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL)	3.0 ± 5.4
INR	1.3 ± 0.4
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.3 ± 1.1
Platelets (K/μL)	115.3 ± 77.6

¹Other etiologies of portal hypertension include hepatitis B virus, autoimmune hepatitis, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, Budd Chiari syndrome, hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, sarcoidosis, cystic fibrosis, biliary atresia, portal vein thrombosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, veno-occlusive disease and Caroli’s disease;

²Other indications for TIPS include hepatorenal syndrome, portal hypertensive gastropathy, superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, splenomegaly and the need to decrease the portal pressure prior to a surgical intervention. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ILD: Interstitial lung disease; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; TIPS: Transjugular portosystemic shunt; INR: International normalized ratio.