Sex differences in severity, outcomes, and healthcare utilization in alcohol-associated hepatitis

Table 2 Encounter diagnoses and procedures, and disposition by sex, n (%)

Attribute	Overall (n = 1386)	Male (n = 875)	Female (n = 511)	P value
Diagnoses
Ascites	1009 (72.8)	365 (71.4)	644 (73.6)	0.3808
Bacteremia	89 (6.4)	62 (7.1)	27 (5.3)	0.1867
Clostridium difficile infection	61 (4.4)	35 (4)	26 (5.1)	0.3407
Esophageal variceal bleed	121 (8.7)	96 (11)	25 (4.9)	0.0001b
Hepatic encephalopathy	575 (41.5)	376 (43)	199 (38.9)	0.1420
Hepatorenal syndrome	231 (16.7)	158 (18.1)	73 (14.3)	0.0691
Pneumonia	234 (16.9)	138 (15.8)	96 (18.8)	0.1483
Portal vein thrombosis	55 (4)	40 (4.6)	15 (2.9)	0.1323
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	1 (0.1)	0	1 (0.1)	0.4447
Sepsis	291 (21)	167 (19.1)	124 (24.3)	0.0223a
Substance/alcohol use disorder	1075 (77.6)	687 (78.5)	388 (75.9)	0.2658
Urinary tract infection	271 (19.6)	122 (13.9)	149 (29.2)	< 0.0001b
Medications:
Use of any vasopressors	235 (17)	137 (15.7)	98 (19.2)	0.0919
Norepinephrine	227 (16.4)	130 (14.9)	97 (19)	0.0453a
Epinephrine	58 (4.2)	39 (4.5)	19 (3.7)	0.5074
Vasopressin	118 (8.5)	65 (7.4)	53 (10.4)	0.0582
Use of steroids	503 (36.3)	328 (37.5)	175 (34.3)	0.2263
Use of N-acetylcysteine	137 (9.9)	82 (9.4)	55 (10.8)	0.4023
Procedures:
Renal replacement therapy	36 (2.6)	18 (2.1)	18 (3.5)	0.0980
Hemodialysis	10 (0.7)	8 (0.9)	2 (0.4)	0.2671
Mechanical ventilation	252 (18.2)	149 (17)	103 (10.8)	0.1452
Length of stay (days)
Median	5.6	5.5	5.7	0.4989
Range	0.1-92.7	0.1-92.7	0.1-75.7
Disposition
Hospice	56 (4)	41 (4.7)	15 (2.9)	0.1104
Inpatient death	150 (10.8)	93 (10.6)	57 (11.2)	0.7610
Inpatient death > 48 hours after admission	122 (8.8)	74 (8.5)	48 (9.4)	0.5529
Inpatient death or hospice	206 (14.9)	134 (15.3)	72 (14.1)	0.5365

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Continuous variables were assessed for significance utilizing Mann Whitney U test while categorical variables were assessed using a χ² test.