Gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics

Table 2 Clinical trials on dietary interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Number of participants	Dietary intervention	Outcome	Ref.
n = 74	Melatonin	Significant decrease in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammation in liver and improvement in parameters of fat metabolism	[193]
n = 45	Melatonin	Significant improvement in the grade of fatty liver, ALT, AST, weight, waist and abdominal circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure	[194]
n = 18	MD	Significant reduction in mean body weight, waist circumference, ALT and AST	[220]
n = 49	MD or LFD	Reduction in hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes with MD and LFD. Improvements in total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and glycated hemoglobin with MD	[221]
n = 56	MD or ML	Weight reduction with MD and ML. Significant improvement in ALT levels and liver stiffness with ML and liver stiffness with MD	[222]
n = 44	MD or LFD	Significant decrease in hepatic steatosis, serum transaminase levels, and insulin resistance with MD and LFD	[227]
n = 27	KD or LFD	Significantly reduction in liver fat with both KD and LFD	[233]
n = 37	High animal or plant protein diet	Reduction in liver fat within 6 weeks, no change in body weight	[251]
n = 40	Low free sugar diet	Reduction in hepatic steatosis and ALT level	[249]
n = 29	Low dietary sugar diet	Reduction in hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic fat and fasting insulin	[250]

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; MD: Mediterranean diet; LFD: Low-fat diet; ML: Mediterranean lifestyle; KD: Keto diet.