Peptic ulcer disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hospitalizations: A new challenge on the horizon in the United States

Table 3 Comparative analysis of hospitalization characteristics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hospitalizations with peptic ulcer disease and non-NALFD hospitalizations with peptic ulcer disease in the United States from 2009-2019

	NAFLD hospitalizations with PUD	Non-NAFLD hospitalizations with PUD	P value
Total hospitalizations	50769 (1%)	4624628 (99%)
Mean age (yr)	58.6 ± 0.27	65.3 ± 0. 80	< 0.001
Age group, yr (%)			< 0.001
18-34	6	6
35-49	21	15
50-64	40	33
65-79	32	40
≥ 80	1	6
Gender (%)			< 0.001
Male	42	49
Female	48	51
Race (%)			< 0.001
White	72	70
Black	9	14
Hispanic	13	9
Asian	3	3
Native American	1	1
Other	3	3
CCI (%)			< 0.001
CCI = 0	0	0
CCI = 1	25	30
CCI = 2	20	22
CCI ≥ 3	55	49
Upper endoscopy (%)	49	41	< 0.001
H. pylori (%)	3	3	0.5
Hospital region (%)			< 0.001
Northeast	14	18
Midwest	24	23
South	41	39
West	21	20
Hospital bed size (%)			< 0.001
Small	14	16
Medium	27	28
Large	59	56
Hospital location and teaching status (%)			< 0.001
Rural	8	10
Urban nonteaching	32	34
Urban teaching	60	56
Expected primary payer (%)			< 0.001
Medicare	47	61
Medicaid	14	12
Private	32	21
Other	7	5
Median household income (quartile) (%)			< 0.001
1st (0-25th)	29	31
2nd (26th-50th)	27	26
3rd (51st-75th)	25	24
4th (76th-100th)	20	19

CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PUD: Peptic ulcer disease.