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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Apr 27, 2023; 15(4): 564-576
Published online Apr 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i4.564
Published online Apr 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i4.564
Peptic ulcer disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hospitalizations: A new challenge on the horizon in the United States
Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI 48601, United States
Vinay Jahagirdar, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States
Hassam Ali, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
Manesh Kumar Gangwani, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
Muhammad Aziz, Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
Saurabh Chandan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, United States
Amandeep Singh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
Abhilash Perisetti, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
Aakriti Soni, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, United States
Sumant Inamdar, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
Mohammad Al-Haddad, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
Author contributions: Dahiya DS, Ali H, Inamdar S, Sanaka MR, and Al-Haddad M were responsible for the conception and design; Dahiya DS, Inamdar S, Sanaka MR, and Al-Haddad M provided administrative support; Dahiya DS and Ali H were responsible for provision, collection, and assembly of data; all authors were responsible for review of literature, drafting the manuscript, and revision of key components of the manuscript; and all authors have read and approve the final version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The National Inpatient Sample database contains numerous safeguards to protect patient privacy. It also lacks patient- and hospital-specific identifiers. Therefore, our study was exempt from Institutional Review Board (IRB) evaluation as per guidelines put forth by our institutional IRB for analysis of HCUP databases.
Informed consent statement: The data for this study was collected from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. As the NIS database lacks patient-specific and hospital-specific identifiers, this study did not require informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The National Inpatient Sample is a publicly available database that can be accessed at https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov. Due to the availability of a large sample size within the NIS database, it is an ideal choice for the estimation of national trends and clinical outcomes.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dushyant Singh Dahiya, MD, Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, 1015 S Washington Ave, Third Floor, Saginaw, MI 48601, United States. dush.dahiya@gmail.com
Received: January 7, 2023
Peer-review started: January 7, 2023
First decision: February 21, 2023
Revised: February 24, 2023
Accepted: March 27, 2023
Article in press: March 27, 2023
Published online: April 27, 2023
Peer-review started: January 7, 2023
First decision: February 21, 2023
Revised: February 24, 2023
Accepted: March 27, 2023
Article in press: March 27, 2023
Published online: April 27, 2023
Core Tip
Core Tip: Due to dietary and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise worldwide. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, data on PUD in NAFLD hospitalizations is currently lacking. In this study, we noted an increase in inpatient mortality for NAFLD hospitalizations with PUD in the United States. The rates of Helicobacter pylori infection and upper endoscopy for NAFLD hospitalizations with PUD were on the decline. Despite a higher comorbidity burden, inpatient mortality, mean length of stay, and mean total healthcare cost were lower for NAFLD hospitalizations with PUD compared to the non-NAFLD cohort.