Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A nationwide analysis

Table 2 Regression analysis showing effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding

Outcomes	GI bleeding with NAFLD (n = 45215)	GI bleeding without NAFLD (n = 726490)	Univariate P value	OR or regression coefficient (95%CI)	Multivariate P value
Mortality	1920 (4.2%)	20205 (2.7%)	< 0.01	1.018 (1.013-1.022)	< 0.01
Length of stay	4.47 ± 5.03	4.26 ± 4.51	< 0.01	0.27 (0.17-0.38)	< 0.01
Total charges	35092 ± 21749	32275 ± 21011	< 0.01	2148 (1677-2618)	< 0.01
Acute kidney injury	10150 (22.4%)	159955 (21.2%)	1	1.012 (1.003-1.021)	1
Shock	6015 (13.3%)	87425 (11.6%)	< 0.01	1.015 (1.008-1.023)	< 0.01
Sepsis	1000 (2.2%)	12640 (1.7%)	0.14	1.005 (1.002-1.008)	1
Acute respiratory failure	2330 (5.2%)	30540 (4.1%)	< 0.01	1.01 (1.005-1.015)	< 0.01
Acute MI	955 (2.1%)	22635 (3%)	< 0.01	0.992 (0.989-0.995)	< 0.01
Acute liver failure	915 (2%)	2560 (0.3%)	< 0.01	1.016 (1.013-1.019)	< 0.01
Blood transfusion	12505 (27.7%)	210580 (28%)	0.14	1.003 (0.993-1.012)	1
Endoscopy	12500 (27.6%)	169385 (22.5%)	< 0.01	1.038 (1.028-1.048)	< 0.01
Intubation	140 (0.3%)	1255 (0.2%)	0.28	1.001 (1-1.003)	1
Dialysis	750 (1.7%)	11525 (1.5%)	1	1.001 (0.998-1.003)	1

All P values were corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction. Length of stay and total charges were calculated with regression coefficients, while all other outcomes were calculated with odds ratios. GI: Gastrointestinal; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; MI: Myocardial infarction.