Rodent models and metabolomics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What can we learn?

Table 1 Summary of existing rodent models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Rodent models	Obesity	Insulin resistance	Steatosis	NASH	Fibrosis	HCC
Dietary
Deficient diet
MCD	No	Hepatic IR	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
CDAA	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
High-amount diet
HFD	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
HFHS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
High fructose diet	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
HFHC	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Atherogenic diet (cholesterol + cholate)	No	Hepatic IR	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Cafeteria diet or Western diet	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	-
ALIOS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
AMLN	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
DIAMOND	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Genetic
ob/ob	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
db/db	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
KK-Ay	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
foz/foz	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
fa/fa	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
PTEN knockout	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
PPAR-α knockout	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
SREBP-1c transgenic	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Chemicals
Tetracycline	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
CCl4	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
TAA	-	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
STZ	-	-	-	Yes	-	-
DMN	-	-	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
DEN	No	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Porphyrinogenic agents (DDC or GF)	-	-	Yes	Yes	-	-
MSG	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Tunicamycin	-	-	Yes	Yes	-	-
Surgical
CBDL	-	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Combined models
ob/ob + MCD diet	Yes	-	Yes	Yes	No	No
db/db + MCD diet	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
HFD + thermoneutral housing at 30 ºC	-	-	-	Yes	Yes	-
HFD + CCl4	No	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
HFD + DEN	Yes	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
CDAA + CCl4	No	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
STAM model	No	-	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

ALIOS: American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome model (high-fat + trans-fat + fructose); AMLN: Amylin liver NASH model; CBDL: Common bile duct ligation; CCl₄: Carbon tetrachloride; CDAA: Choline-deficient, L-amino defined diet; DDC: 3,5-diethoxycarbonly-1,4-dihydrocollidine; DEN: Diethylnitrosamine; DIAMOND: Diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice; DMN: Dimethylnitrosamine; GF: Griseofulvin; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HFD: High-fat diet; HFHC: High-fat high-cholesterol diet; HFHS: High-fat high-sugars diet (mainly fructose or sucrose); MCD: Methionine and choline deficient diet; MSG: Monosodium glutamate; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; STZ: Streptozotocin; STAM: Stelic animal model of NASH (STZ + HFD); TAA: Thioacetamide.