Adiponectin as a novel biomarker for liver fibrosis

Table 1 Summary of studies on the association between circulating adiponectin levels and liver fibrosis in various types of chronic liver diseases

Reference	Yr	Diagnosis	Study design	Subjects	Significant results
Hyperadiponectinemia
Balmer et al[9]	2010	CLD	Cross-sectional study	232 fasting patients with CLD, 64 with NAFLD, 71 patients with viral hepatitis, 18 patients with autoimmune disease, 3 patients with alcohol-induced liver disease, 31 patients with elevated liver enzyme of unknown origin, and 45 patients with cirrhosis	Adiponectin levels were substantially increased in cases of cirrhosis Adiponectin levels were positively correlated with surrogate markers of hepatic fibrosis, including transient elastography, fasting serum bile acids, and hyaluronate
da Silva et al[43]	2018	Cirrhosis	Case-control study	122 patients with cirrhosis and 30 healthy controls	Patients with CLD had higher adiponectin levels than controls Adiponectin levels were also associated with the severity of liver dysfunction and worse prognosis in those patients
Udomsinprasert etal[44]	2012	BA	Case-control study	106 patients with BA and 40 healthy controls	Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in BA patients than in healthy controls Adiponectin levels were associated with the severity of fibrosis in BA patients.
Honsawek et al[45]	2011	BA	Case-control study	60 patients with BA and 20 healthy controls	BA patients with significant liver fibrosis exhibited remarkably greater serum adiponectin than insignificant fibrosis Serum adiponectin was positively correlated with the degree of fibrosis.
Carvalho et al[46]	2018	HCV	Case-control study	33 patients with untreated HCV infection and 30 healthy controls	Patients with HCV infection had higher adiponectin levels, especially those with women
Korah et al[47]	2013	HCV	Case-control study	45 untreated men with chronic HCV genotype 4, and 15 healthy men	Serum adiponectin levels were significantly elevated in hepatic fibrosis, but decreased in steatosis
Sumie et al[48]	2011	HCV	Case-control study	97 patients with HCC and chronic HCV infection, and 97 patients (controls) with underlying disease	Serum total and HMW adiponectin levels were predictors of liver fibrosis in HCC patients, in response to chronic HCV infection
Corbetta et al[49]	2011	HCV	Case-control study	54 patients with chronic HCV hepatitis and healthy controls	Serum adiponectin levels were higher in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis Adiponectin levels were significantly related to the severity of fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis
Derbala et al[50]	2009	HCV	Case-control study	92 patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 and 66 healthy controls	Adiponectin levels were associated with hepatic fibrosis and inflammation
Hsu et al[51]	2015	HBV	Case-control study	187 patients with chronic HBV infection and 187 without chronic HBV infection	Serum adiponectin levels were remarkably correlated with advanced liver fibrosis in elder male HBeAg-negative patients
Hui et al[52]	2007	HBV	Cross-sectional study	100 patients with HBV	Patients with fibrosis reduction had a marked decline in serum adiponectin levels after antiviral therapy Adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with fibrosis stage
Hypoadiponectinemia
Lucero et al[54]	2017	NAFLD	Cross-sectional study	36 patients with NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome and 24 metabolic syndrome patients without NAFLD	Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients with metabolic syndrome than those patients without metabolic syndrome Adiponectin levels were associated with metabolic parameters and the degree of liver fibrosis
Nazal et al[55]	2010	NAFLD	Case-control study	70 patients with NAFLD and 69 normal controls	NAFLD patients had significantly lower serum adiponectin levels than controls Adiponectin levels were independently associated with liver fibrosis
Savvidou et al[56]	2009	NAFLD	Cross-sectional study	42 patients with NAFLD	Adiponectin levels were negatively associated with higher stages of fibrosis Adiponectin levels were independent predictors of advanced fibrosis
Yoneda et al[57]	2007	NAFLD	Cross-sectional study	248 patients with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes	A reduction in levels of serum adiponectin was independently associated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes
Musso et al[58]	2005	NASH	Case-control study	20 patients with biopsy-proven NASH and 45 healthy controls	Serum adiponectin levels were significantly reduced in the NASH group, as compared to control groups Adiponectin levels correlated with the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis

CLD: Chronic liver diseases; BA: Biliary atresia; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.