Rat embryonic stem cells create new era in development of genetically manipulated rat models

Table 2 List of knock-out rats generated using new gene-targeted technologies and rat embryonic stem cell-based technologies

Ref.	Cell type	Technology	Target
Ménoret et al[69]	Embryo	Meganuclease	Rag1
Ménoret et al[70]	Embryo	ZFN	Immunoglobulin heavy chain
Zschemisch et al[71]	Embryo	ZFN	Rag1
Geurts et al[7]	Embryo	ZFN	GFP
	Embryo	ZFN	IgM
	Embryo	ZFN	Rab38
Mashimo et al[8]	Embryo	ZFN	IL-2 receptor gamma
Moreno et al[72]	Embryo	ZFN	Renin
Chu et al[73]	Embryo	ZFN	Mdr1
Vaira et al[74]	Embryo	ZFN	Reptin
Tesson et al[66]	Embryo	TALEN	IgM
Ferguson et al[67]	Embryo	TALEN	Tlr4
Yamamoto et al[48]	ES cells	Homologous Recombination	Par2
Tong et al[11]	ES cells	Homologous Recombination	p53
Kawamata et al[52]	ES cells	ZFN	p53

ES: Embryonic stem; ZFN: Zinc-finger nuclease; TALEN: Transcription activator-like effector nuclease.