Experimental study on ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction promoting the proliferation, migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 7 Apoptosis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells following different treatments, assessed by flow cytometry. A-D: Representative flow cytometric scatter plots of apoptotic cells in the M (untreated control), MB (microbubbles alone), U300s (ultrasound alone for 300 seconds), and UTMD300s (ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction for 300 seconds) groups, respectively; E: Quantitative analysis of the total apoptosis rate (early plus late apoptosis) in each group. Statistical significance: ^aP < 0.01 vs the UTMD300s group; ^bP < 0.01 vs the UTMD300s group; ^cP < 0.05 vs the M group. n = 4. All data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. UTMD: Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction.