Experimental study on ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction promoting the proliferation, migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 6 Effects of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction exposure duration on C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. A: Relative mRNA expression levels of CXCR4 in each group. ^aP < 0.001 vs M group, ^bP < 0.001 vs M group; B: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) protein expression in four groups: M (untreated control), MB (microbubbles alone), U300s (ultrasound alone for 300 seconds), and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), was analyzed by western blotting, with GAPDH as the loading control; C: Quantification of CXCR4 protein expression normalized to GAPDH, derived from the western blot data in Figure 6B. ^aP < 0.05 vs M group, ^bP < 0.01 vs M group; D: Representative immunofluorescence images showing CXCR4 (red) and nuclei (DAPI, blue) in hUCMSCs after UTMD treatment for various durations (original magnification, × 20); E: Quantification of CXCR4 fluorescence intensity from the immunofluorescence images in Figure 6D. ^aP < 0.05 vs M group, ^bP < 0.01 vs M group, ^cP < 0.01 vs MB group. n = 4. All data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. CXCR: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; MB: Microbubble; UTMD: Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction.