Therapeutic strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration: Extracellular vesicles and microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v17.i7.107212

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Jul 26, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 5, 2025

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Jul 26, 2025; 17(7): 107212
Published online Jul 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i7.107212

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Figure 2 Mechanism of extracellular vesicle to treat intervertebral disc degeneration. Extracellular vesicle inhibits apoptosis of nucleus pulposus and induces differentiation into nucleus pulposus cells for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration through microRNA and specific mechanisms. NLRP3: Nod-like receptor protein 3; AKT: Protein kinase B; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MLK3: Mixed-lineage kinase 3; RASSF5: Ras association domain family member 5; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; NP: Nucleus pulposus; IDD: Intervertebral disc degeneration.

Citation: Lim YJ, Seo MS, Park S, Lee GW. Therapeutic strategies for intervertebral disc degeneration: Extracellular vesicles and microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(7): 107212
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i7/107212.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i7.107212