Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for peripheral nerve injuries: A promise or reality?

Table 1 Summary of the Seddon[23] and Sunderland[24] classification of peripheral nerve injury

Classification
Seddon	Neuropraxia	Axonotmesis	Axonotmesis	Axonotmesis	Neurotmesis
Sunderland	I	II	III	IV	V
Injury	Focal demyelination	Axon and myelin damage	Axon, myelin and endoneurium damaged	Axon, myelin, endoneurium, and perineurium damaged	Complete nerve transection
Spontaneous recovery	Yes. Hours to a few weeks	Yes. Weeks to months	Not probable	Highly improbable	Spontaneous functional recovery is not possible
Surgical intervention	Normally not	Normally not	May be necessary	Necessary	Necessary

Adapted from Hussain et al[25] and Maugeri et al[26].