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World Journal of Stem Cells
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1948-0210
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 165-181
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165
Table 1 The mechanism of extracellular vesicles in the regeneration medicine
Source of EVs
Mechanism
KidneyMSC-EVsInhibiting oxidation, apoptosis, and inflammation
HLSC-EVsRegulating angiogenesis, the cell cycle, regeneration, autophagy, proliferation[36-38,46]
BMSC-EVs
Liver diseasehiPSCs-EVsInhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis
Hepatocyte-EVsSupporting hepatocyte function
MSC-EVsPromoting angiogenesis
Reducing inflammatory responses[48-53]
Cardiac muscleESCs-EVsVascularization
iPSCs-EVsAmelioration of apoptosis and hypertrophy
MSCs-EVsPromoting cell proliferation and migration[55-60]
CDCs-EVs
BMSC-EVs
TendonBMSC-EVsModulating macrophage phenotypes
ADSC-EVsAnti-inflammatory reaction
Enhancing proliferation, migration, tenogenic differentiation of TSCs
Regulating angiogenesis
Modulating immune responses[62-68]
Wound healingBMSC-EVsPromoting re-epithelialization
ADSC-EVsPromoting collagen maturity and angiogenesis
hENSC-EVEnhancing cell proliferation and migration[69-74]
HUVECs-EVs
iPSC-EVs
Tooth and periodontal tissueBMSC-EVsModulating the inflammatory immune response
ADSC-EVsEnhancing cell proliferation and migration
DPSC-EVsPromoting odontogenic differentiation
DFC-EVsStem cell recruitment[76-83]
PDLSC-EVs
HERS-EVs
SC-EVs
NerveSKP-SC-EVsMediating axon regeneration
BMSC-EVsRegulating the phenotype of Schwann cells
ADSC-EVsPromoting angiogenesis
GMSC-EVsRegulating inflammatory reactions[84-94]
BoneADSC-EVsAngiogenesis
BMSC-EVsOsteoblast proliferation
SMSC-EVsIntercellular communication
PRP-EVsImmune regulation[96-104]
EVs: Extracellular vesicles; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; HLSC: Human liver stem cells; hiPSCs: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells; ESCs: Embryonic stem cells; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; CDCs: Cardiosphere-derived cells; hENSC: Human Endometrial stem cells; DPSC: Dental pulp stem cells; DFC: Dental follicle cell; PDLSC: Periodontal ligament stem cells; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma; SMSC: Synovium mesenchymal stem cells; HERS: Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath; BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; ADSC: Adipose stem cells; GMSC: Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cell; SKP-SC: Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells; TSC: Trophoblast stem cells.
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