Gut commensal bacteria, Paneth cells and their relations to radiation enteropathy

Figure 3 Autophagy-related protein 16 like protein 1 regulates the intestinal balance between Treg and Th17 cells. The autophagy-related protein 16 like protein 1 (ATG16L1)-FOXP3 axis plays a vital role in Treg cell induction[24]. Conversely, a deficiency of ATG16L1 enables Paneth cell differentiation to be hampered, while this situation will increase interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the gut[71], thus promoting Th17 commitment. Treg: Regulatory T cell; Th17: T helper cell 17; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; IL-6: Interleukin-6; ATG16L1: Autophagy-related protein 16 like protein 1.