Mesenchymal stem cells as living anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome

Table 1 Approved mesenchymal stem cell therapies outside of United States in the past 20 years

	Product name	Source	Autologous/Allogeneic	Indication	Company/Country
1	Alofisel	Adipose tissue-derived stem cells	Allogeneic	Complex perianal fistuals in Crohn’s disease	TiGenix NV/Takeda PharmaceuticalEU
2	Chondrocytes-T-Ortho-ACI	Chondrocyte	Autologous	Cartilage damage, lesions and defects	Ortho Cell, Australia
3	Spherox	Chondrocyte	Autologous	Symptomatic articular cartilage defects	CO.DON AG, Germany and EU
4	Ossgrow	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Avascular necrosis	Regrow, India
5	Stempeucel	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	CLI	Stempeutics, India
6	Porchymal	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	GvHD in children	Osiris Therapeutics, Canada
7	Temcell HS	BM-MSCs	Allogeneic	GvHD	JCR Pharmaceuticals, Japan
8	NeuroNata-R	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Lou Gehrig’s disease, or ALS	Corestem, Korea
9	Cupistem	AT-MSCs	Autologous	Crohn’s fistula	Anterogen, Korea
10	Cartistem,	UC-blood-derived MSCs	Allogeneic	Damaged cartilage	Medipost Inc., Korea
11	Cellgram-AMI	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Acute myocardial infarction	Pharmicell, Korea
12	AstroStem	AT-MSCs	Autologous	Alzheimer’s disease	Nature cell, Korea
13	Stemilac	BM-MSCs	Autologous	Alzheimer’s disease	Nipro and Sapporo Medical University, Japan

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; EU: European Union; UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; AT-MSCs: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.