Rat model of anal sphincter injury and two approaches for stem cell administration

Figure 2 Sphincter repair and cell therapies. A–C: If immediate sphincter repair was programmed, it was performed with 3 to 4 stitches of 6/0 interrupted suture; A: If biosuture was used, sometimes a bubble formed on the outer aspect of the muscle (arrow); D: If an injection was given, two injections on each side of the muscle incision were done; generally, bubble formation was observed; E: Finally, the incision was closed with 6/0 interrupted sutures, burying the knots in the depth. More details about surgical and cell therapy techniques are provided in the text.