Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Stem Cells. Aug 26, 2021; 13(8): 1030-1048
Published online Aug 26, 2021. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1030
Modulating poststroke inflammatory mechanisms: Novel aspects of mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles and microglia
Wen-Qiang Xin, Wei Wei, Yong-Li Pan, Bao-Long Cui, Xin-Yu Yang, Mathias Bähr, Thorsten R Doeppner
Wen-Qiang Xin, Wei Wei, Yong-Li Pan, Bao-Long Cui, Mathias Bähr, Thorsten R Doeppner, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
Xin-Yu Yang, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
Author contributions: Xin WQ and Doeppner TR designed and conceptualized the article; Xin WQ and Wei W prepared the figures and tables; all authors significantly contributed to writing the paper and provided important intellectual content.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Thorsten R Doeppner, MD, MSc, Professor, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany. thorsten.doeppner@med.uni-goettingen.de
Received: March 16, 2021
Peer-review started: March 16, 2021
First decision: May 5, 2021
Revised: May 25, 2021
Accepted: August 6, 2021
Article in press: August 6, 2021
Published online: August 26, 2021
Core Tip

Core Tip: Upon stroke induction, M1 microglia participate in the proinflammatory tissue response, whereas M2 microglia promote brain repair by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors. This review summarizes the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-extracellular vesicles on regulating microglial activity under ischemic stroke conditions through various signaling pathways, such as cytokines, neurotrophic factors, transcription factors, and microRNAs.