Fibroblast growth factor signaling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Paving the way to hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Role of fibroblast growth factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma

FGFs	NAFLD/NASH	HCC
FGF1	Upregulated in adipose tissue under high fat diet[19]	HSC activation, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis, invasiveness[20,21]
FGF2	No data	HSC activation, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis, invasiveness[22-24]
FGF8 family	No data	Proliferation, angiogenesis, matrix modulation[30]
FGF19	Impaired in NAFLD and by insulin resistance, contributes to lipid and bile acid dysbalance[74-76]	Proliferation, invasion, metastasis, inhibition of apoptosis[102-104]
FGF21	Induced by ketogenic diet, reduces insulin sensitivity, mediator of metabolic effects from gut microbiota[35-39,54-56]	Deficiency promotes HCC under obesity conditions[21,61]

FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HSC: Hepatic stellate cell.