Health disparities are associated with gastric cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in 57 countries

Table 1 Case number, rate and mortality-to-incidence ratio of the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer according to region

Region	Number		Crude rate		Age-standardized rate		Mortality-to-incidence ratio1
	Incidence	Mortality	Incidence	Mortality	Incidence	Mortality
World	951594	723073	13.5	10.2	12.1	8.9	0.76
Development
More developed regions	274509	174756	22.0	14.0	10.6	6.4	0.64
Less developed regions	677085	548317	11.7	9.4	12.7	10.2	0.80
WHO region categories
WHO Africa region	19110	17589	2.2	2.0	4.0	3.7	0.91
WHO Americas region	85354	65130	8.9	6.8	6.9	5.1	0.76
WHO East Mediterranean region	23454	20789	3.8	3.3	5.5	4.9	0.87
WHO Europe region	161846	126315	17.9	14.0	10.0	7.4	0.78
WHO South-East Asia region	90558	83249	4.9	4.5	5.7	5.3	0.92
WHO Western Pacific region	571139	409897	31.0	22.2	22.8	15.7	0.72
Continent
Africa	23806	21801	2.2	2.0	3.8	3.5	0.91
Latin America and Caribbean	60852	51435	10.1	8.5	9.7	8.1	0.84
Northern America	24502	13695	7.0	3.9	4.0	2.1	0.56
Asia	699954	527074	16.5	12.4	15.8	11.7	0.75
Europe	139667	107360	18.8	14.5	9.4	6.9	0.77
Oceania	2813	1708	7.5	4.5	5.1	3.0	0.60

¹The percentage in the ratio of the crude rate of mortalities and the crude rate of incidences.

Table 2 World Health Organization rankings, total expenditure on health/ gross domestic product, life expectancy, gastric cancer incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio for gastric cancer in selected countries

Country	Ranking	Total expenditure on health/GDP, %	Life expectancy	Number		Crude rate		Age-standardized rate		Mortality-to-incidence ratio1
				Incidence	Mortality	Incidence	Mortality	Incidence	Mortality
France	1	11.6	82	6507	4412	10.3	7	4.7	2.9	0.68
Italy	2	9.2	83	13001	9917	21.3	16.3	8.2	5.6	0.77
Malta	5	8.7	81	68	33	16.2	7.9	8.0	3.3	0.49
Singapore	6	4.2	83	647	431	12.3	8.2	8.2	5.3	0.67
Spain	7	9.3	83	7810	5389	16.7	11.5	7.8	4.9	0.69
Oman	8	2.7	76	79	68	2.7	2.3	5.3	4.7	0.85
Austria	9	11.1	81	1314	853	15.6	10.1	6.8	4.0	0.65
Japan	10	10.3	84	107898	52326	85.3	41.4	29.9	12.4	0.49
Norway	11	9.3	82	475	311	9.6	6.3	4.6	2.8	0.66
Portugal	12	9.9	81	3018	2285	28.2	21.4	13.1	9.0	0.76
Iceland	15	9.0	82	28	18	8.5	5.5	5.0	2.9	0.65
Luxembourg	16	7.2	82	67	32	12.8	6.1	7.6	3.0	0.48
Netherlands	17	12.7	81	1953	1391	11.7	8.3	5.6	3.7	0.71
United Kingdom	18	9.3	81	6684	4534	10.6	7.2	4.7	2.9	0.68
Ireland	19	8.9	81	487	325	10.6	7.1	6.5	4.2	0.67
Switzerland	20	11.4	83	683	485	8.8	6.3	4.2	2.6	0.72
Belgium	21	10.9	80	1417	962	13.1	8.9	5.8	3.5	0.68
Colombia	22	6.8	78	5897	4981	12.4	10.5	13.4	11.2	0.85
Sweden	23	9.6	82	811	635	8.5	6.7	3.7	2.7	0.79
Cyprus	24	7.3	82	94	72	8.3	6.4	5.4	4.0	0.77
Germany	25	11.3	81	16015	9714	19.5	11.8	7.8	4.3	0.61
Israel	28	7.4	82	777	516	10.1	6.7	7.1	4.5	0.66
Canada	30	10.9	82	3342	1937	9.6	5.6	4.9	2.7	0.58
Finland	31	9.1	81	641	479	11.9	8.9	5.2	3.7	0.75
Australia	32	8.9	83	2049	1135	8.9	5.0	4.8	2.5	0.56
Chile	33	7.3	80	3712	3371	21.3	19.3	15.6	13.8	0.91
Denmark	34	11.0	80	625	351	11.2	6.3	5.6	2.9	0.56
Costa Rica	36	10.1	79	874	612	18.2	12.8	17.3	12	0.70
United States	37	17.0	79	21155	11758	6.7	3.7	3.9	2.0	0.55
Slovenia	38	9.4	80	468	335	22.9	16.4	10.4	6.8	0.72
Cuba	39	8.6	78	1126	916	10.0	8.1	5.9	4.6	0.81
New Zealand	41	10.2	82	393	240	8.8	5.4	5.2	2.9	0.61
Bahrain	46	4.4	77	29	21	2.1	1.5	3.9	3.5	0.71
Thailand	47	4.5	75	2841	2286	4.1	3.3	3.1	2.5	0.80
Czech Republic	48	7.5	78	1595	1099	15.1	10.4	7.4	4.9	0.69
Malaysia	49	4.0	74	1900	873	6.5	3.0	7.8	3.6	0.46
Poland	50	6.8	77	6105	5197	15.9	13.6	8.4	7.0	0.86
Jamaica	53	5.6	74	269	229	9.7	8.3	9.1	7.1	0.86
South Korea	58	7.6	82	31269	10746	64.4	22.1	41.8	13	0.34
Philippines	60	4.4	69	2415	2043	2.5	2.1	3.8	3.3	0.84
Slovakia	62	8.1	76	901	633	16.4	11.6	9.6	6.5	0.71
Egypt	63	4.9	71	1789	1584	2.1	1.9	2.5	2.3	0.90
Uruguay	65	8.6	77	577	514	17.0	15.2	10	8.4	0.89
Trinidad and Tobago	67	5.5	71	67	53	5.0	3.9	4.4	3.4	0.78
Belarus	72	5.0	72	2961	2495	31.1	26.2	18.8	15.3	0.84
Lithuania	73	6.7	74	867	668	26.3	20.3	13.8	10.2	0.77
Argentina	75	6.8	76	3738	3273	9.1	8.0	6.7	5.7	0.88
Estonia	77	5.9	77	370	286	27.6	21.3	13.8	9.7	0.77
Ukraine	79	7.5	71	11373	9216	25.3	20.5	14.3	11.6	0.81
Mauritius	84	4.8	74	121	112	9.2	8.5	8	7.4	0.92
Fiji	96	4.0	70	18	19	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.6	1.05
Bulgaria	102	7.4	75	1664	1354	22.5	18.3	10.3	8.3	0.81
Latvia	105	5.9	74	640	484	28.6	21.7	14.3	10.2	0.76
Ecuador	111	6.4	76	2401	2262	16.2	15.2	16.9	15.5	0.94
Brazil	125	9.5	75	19690	16077	9.9	8.1	9.2	7.4	0.82
Russian Federation	130	6.5	69	38417	32854	26.9	23	16	13.1	0.86
South Africa	175	8.9	60	2029	1529	4.0	3.0	5.1	3.9	0.75

¹The percentage in the ratio of the crude rate of mortalities and the crude rate of incidences.