Comparative study of ROR2 and WNT5a expression in squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder

Table 1 Comparison of the clinicopathologic characteristics of gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas with the expression of ROR2 and WNT5a n (%)

Clinicopathologic characteristic	SC/ASC,n = 46	AC,n = 80	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	19 (41.3)	26 (32.5)	0.986	0.352
Female	27 (58.7)	54 (67.5)
Age, yr
≤ 45	3 (6.5)	16 (20.0)	4.143	0.042
> 45	43 (93.5)	64 (80.0)
Degree of differentiation
High	16 (34.8)	27 (33.8)	8.515	0.014
Moderate	24 (52.2)	25 (31.3)
Poor	6 (13.0)	28 (35.0)
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3	20 (43.5)	50 (62.5)	4.280	0.039
> 3	26 (56.5)	30 (37.5)
Gallstones
No	18 (39.1)	42 (52.5)	2.093	0.148
Yes	28 (60.9)	38 (47.5)
TNM stage
I + II	12 (26.1)	21 (26.3)	0.287	0.866
III	20 (33.5)	38 (47.5)
IV	14 (30.4)	21 (26.3)
Lymph node metastasis
No	17 (37.0)	30 (37.5)	0.004	0.952
Yes	29 (63.0)	50 (62.5)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No	16 (34.8)	31 (38.8)	0.197	0.658
Yes	30 (62.5)	49 (61.3)
Surgical procedure
Radical	14 (30.4)	26 (32.5)	0.215	0.898
Palliative	18 (39.1)	28 (35.0)
Unresected	14 (30.4)	26 (32.5)
Average survival time	10.07 (4-25)	10.34 (3-27)	0.014	0.906
ROR2
-	20 (43.5)	29 (36.2)	0.642	0.386
+	26 (56.5)	51 (63.8)
WNT5a
-	17 (37.0)	31 (38.7)	0.040	0.858
+	29 (63.0)	49 (61.3)

AC: Adenocarcinoma; SC/ASC: Squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma.

Table 2 Relationship of ROR2 and WNT5a expression with the clinicopathologic characteristics of gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma n (%)

Pathologic characteristic	Number of cases	ROR2			WNT5a
		Positive cases	χ2	P value	Positive cases	χ2	P value
Pathological type
Squamous carcinoma	26	16 (61.5)	0.612	0.434	17 (65.4)	0.141	0.708
Adenosquamous carcinoma	20	10 (50.0)			12 (60.0)
Differentiation
High	16	5 (31.3)	9.123	0.010	8 (50.0)	1.827	0.401
Moderate	24	15 (62.5)			17 (70.8)
Poor	6	6 (100.0)			4 (66.7)
Maximal diameter of the mass in cm
≤ 3	20	7 (35.0)	6.669	0.010	9 (45.0)	4.945	0.026
≥ 3	26	19 (73.1)			20 (76.9)
Gallstones
No	18	11 (61.1)	0.253	0.615	12 (66.7)	0.167	0.683
Yes	28	15 (53.6)			17 (60.7)
TNM stage
I + II	12	4 (33.3)			4 (33.3)
III	20	10 (50.0)	7.824	0.023	14 (70.0)	6.411	0.041
IV	14	12 (85.7)			11 (78.6)
Lymph node metastasis
No	17	5 (29.4)	8.065	0.005	7 (41.2)	6.720	0.010
Yes	29	21 (72.4)			22 (75.9)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No	16	5 (31.3)	6.376	0.011	7 (43.8)	3.920	0.048
Yes	30	21 (70.0)			22 (73.3)
Surgical procedure
Radical	14	4 (28.6)	7.374	0.022	5 (35.7)	77.677	0.019
Palliative	18	11 (61.1)			12 (66.7)
Unresected	14	11 (78.6)			12 (85.7)

Table 3 Relationship of ROR2 and WNT5a expression with the clinicopathologic characteristics of gallbladder adenocarcinomas n (%)

Pathologic characteristic	Number of cases	ROR2			WNT5a
		Positive cases	χ2	P value	Positive cases	χ2	P value
Differentiation
High	27	12 (44.0)	10.352	0.002	11 (40.7)	8.404	0.015
Moderate	25	15 (60.0)			16 (64.0)
Poor	28	24 (85.7)			22 (78.6)
Maximal diameter of the mass in cm
≤ 3	50	26 (52.0)	7.966	0.004	26 (52.0)	4.807	0.029
> 3	30	25 (83.3)			23 (76.7)
Gallstones
No	42	26 (61.9)	0.13	0.718	26 (61.9)	0.016	0.899
Yes	38	25 (65.8)			23 (60.5)
TNM stage
I + II	21	7 (33.3)			7 (33.3)
III	38	25 (65.8)	14.968	0	24 (63.2)	12.248	0.002
IV	21	19 (90.5)			18 (85.7)
Lymph node metastasis
No	30	12 (40.0)	11.716	0.001	12 (40.0)	9.132	0.003
Yes	50	39 (78.0)			37 (74.0)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No	31	13 (41.9)	10.422	0.002	12 (38.7)	10.834	0.001
Yes	49	38 (77.6)			37 (75.5)
Surgical procedure
Radical	26	10 (38.5)	12.296	0.002	10 (38.5)	11.68	0.003
Palliative	28	19 (67.9)			17 (60.7)
Unresected	26	22 (84.6)			22 (84.6)

Table 4 Relationship of squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma clinicopathological parameters and ROR2 and WNT5a expression with average survival

Grouping	Number of cases, n	Average survival in mo	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	19	10.74 (6-24)	0.767	0.381
Female	27	9.85 (4-24)
Age, yr
≤ 45	3	15.67 (8-24)	2.023	0.155
> 45	43	9.84 (4-25)
Pathological type
Squamous carcinoma	26	10.19 (4-24)	0.223	0.637
Adenosquamous carcinoma	20	10.25 (4-24)
Degree of differentiation
High	16	13.81 (5-24)	19.125	0.000
Moderate	24	8.92 (4-18)
Poor	6	5.83 (4-9)
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3	20	14.35 (7-24)	31.337	0.000
> 3	26	7.04 (4-11)
Gallstones
No	18	8.22 (4-12)	3.730	0.053
Yes	28	11.50 (4-24)
TNM stage
I + II	12	17.00 (9-24)	51.139	0.000
III	20	9.20 (7-15)
IV	14	5.86 (4-8)
Lymph node metastasis
No	17	14.24 (4-24)	16.219	0.000
Yes	29	7.86 (4-15)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No	16	15.75 (9-24)	32.271	0.000
Yes	30	7.27 (4-12)
Surgical procedure
Radical	14	16.64 (10-24)	50.165	0.000
Palliative	18	8.50 (6-12)
Unresected	14	6.00 (4-8)
ROR2
-	20	13.65 (6-24)	16.502	0.000
+	26	7.58 (4-15)
WNT5a
-	17	13.77 (6-24)	10.844	0.001
+	29	8.14 (4-15)

Table 5 Multivariate Cox regression analysis for survival of patients with gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma

Grouping	Factor	B	SE	Wald	P value	RR	95%CI
							Lower	Upper
Pathological type	SC/ASC	0.094	0.346	0.074	0.786	1.099	0.558	2.164
Degree of differentiation	High/Moderate/Poor	0.833	0.369	5.096	0.024	2.300	1.116	4.741
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm	≤ 3/> 3	2.374	0.743	10.209	0.001	10.740	2.504	46.075
Gallstones	No/Yes	0.641	0.420	2.329	0.127	1.898	0.833	4.324
TNM stage	I + II/III/IV	1.362	0.476	8.187	0.004	3.904	1.536	9.924
Lymph node metastasis	No/Yes	1.792	0.564	10.095	0.001	6.011	1.987	18.128
Invasion of the surrounding tissue	No/Yes	2.648	0.782	11.466	0.001	14.126	3.050	65.413
Surgical procedure	Radical/Palliative/Unresected	1.104	0.481	5.268	0.022	3.016	1.175	7.743
ROR2	-/+	1.623	0.674	5.799	0.016	5.068	1.353	18.992
WNT5a	-/+	1.231	0.489	6.337	0.012	3.425	1.313	8.930

SC/ASC: Squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma.

Table 6 Relationship of the adenocarcinomas’ clinicopathological parameters and ROR2 and WNT5a expression with average survival

Grouping	Number of cases, n	Average survival in mo	χ2	P value
Sex
Male	26	9.58 (3-24)	2.567	0.109
Female	54	11.30 (3-24)
Age, yr
≤ 45	16	10.81 (4-24)	0.003	0.956
> 45	64	10.72 (3-24)
Degree of differentiation
High	27	15.07 (5-24)	32.501	0.000
Moderate	25	10.60 (4-24)
Poor	28	6.68 (3-14)
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm
≤ 3	50	13.70 (6-24)	68.283	0.000
> 3	30	5.80 (3-10)
Gallstones
No	42	10.19 (3-24)	0.246	0.620
Yes	38	11.34 (4-24)
TNM stage
I + II	21	18.96 (5-24)	105.825	0.000
III	38	9.29 (6-15)
IV	21	5.14 (3-7)
Lymph node metastasis
No	30	16.27 (4-24)	42.372	0.000
Yes	50	7.42 (3-14)
Invasion of the surrounding tissue
No	31	16.68 (7-24)	55.535	0.000
Yes	49	6.98 (3-11)
Surgical procedure
Radical	26	18.31 (10-24)	113.141	0.000
Palliative	28	8.64 (6-11)
Unresected	26	5.42 (3-9)
ROR2
-	29	15.93 (6-24)	32.994	0.000
+	51	7.78 (3-19)
WNT5a
-	31	15.48 (4-24)	31.654	0.002
+	49	7.74 (3-18)

Table 7 Multivariate Cox regression analysis for survival of patients with gallbladder adenocarcinomas

Grouping	Factor	B	SE	Wald	P value	RR	95%CI
							Lower	Upper
Degree of differentiation	High/Moderate/Poor	1.097	0.496	4.982	0.027	2.995	1.133	7.918
Maximal diameter of the mass, cm	≤ 3/> 3	0.985	0.463	4.526	0.033	2.678	1.081	6.636
Gallstones	No/Yes	0.412	0.381	1.169	0.280	1.510	0.716	3.186
TNM stage	I + II/III/IV	1.396	0.459	9.250	0.002	4.039	1.643	9.931
Lymph node metastasis	No/Yes	1.351	0.465	8.441	0.004	3.861	1.552	9.606
Invasion of the surrounding tissue	No/Yes	1.644	0.583	7.952	0.005	5.176	1.651	16.227
Surgical procedure	Radical/Palliative/ Unresected	1.737	0.531	10.701	0.001	5.680	2.006	16.083
ROR2	-/+	2.023	0.674	9.009	0.003	7.561	2.018	28.333
WNT5a	-/+	1.931	0.649	8.853	0.003	6.896	1.933	24.607