Characterization of smooth muscle, enteric nerve, interstitial cells of Cajal, and fibroblast-like cells in the gastric musculature of patients with diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Patient demographics n (%)

	DM (n = 35)	Control (n = 26)	P value
Age (years)	62.3 ± 8.9	59.7 ± 10.4	0.297
Gender
Male	24 (68.6)	15 (57.7)	0.428
Female	11 (31.4)	11 (42.3)
BMI (kg/m2)	24.2 ± 3.1	22.6 ± 3.0	0.045
UGI symptoms
Yes	26 (74.3)	22 (84.6)	0.366
No	9 (25.7)	4 (15.4)

UGI: Upper gastrointestinal; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Degree of intercellular fibrosis n (%)

Degree of fibrosis	DM (n = 35)	Control (n = 26)	P value
Antrum			< 0.001
Moderate to severe	28 (80.0)	8 (30.8)
None or mild	7 (20.0)	18 (69.2)
Body			0.001
Moderate to severe	30 (85.7)	11 (42.3)
None or mild	5 (14.3)	15 (57.7)
Fundus			0.003
Moderate to severe	13 (81.3)	6 (28.6)
None or mild	3 (18.8)	15 (71.4)

DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 Results of immunohistochemical stain

	DM (n = 35)	Control (n = 26)	P value
c-Kit
Antrum	8.35 ± 2.89	11.63 ± 3.64	0.001
Body	7.98 ± 2.84	12.29 ± 3.84	0.000
Fundus	8.27 ± 2.40	12.16 ± 3.38	0.001
PDGFRα
Antrum	7.45 ± 1.96	7.49 ± 2.58	0.965
Body	6.73 ± 2.37	9.13 ± 4.00	0.010
Fundus	5.33 ± 2.73	7.16 ± 1.90	0.021
PGP9.5
Antrum	18.39 ± 5.16	18.64 ± 6.09	0.930
Body	15.47 ± 3.94	17.38 ± 4.98	0.090
Fundus	12.89 ± 5.76	14.22 ± 5.84	0.656
nNOS
Antrum	9.01 ± 4.01	8.17 ± 3.06	0.393
Body	7.75 ± 2.22	8.06 ± 3.79	0.976
Fundus	5.67 ± 2.61	6.08 ± 2.42	0.747
VIP
Antrum	4.73 ± 2.25	4.79 ± 2.90	0.720
Body	5.19 ± 2.14	5.33 ± 2.40	0.952
Fundus	3.79 ± 2.09	5.05 ± 2.94	0.256
NK1R
Antrum	0.65 ± 0.74	0.36 ± 0.38	0.253
Body	0.77 ± 0.78	0.59 ± 0.63	0.460
Fundus	0.54 ± 0.40	0.57 ± 0.60	0.705

DM: Diabetes mellitus; PDGFRα: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α; PGP9.5: Protein gene product 9.5; nNOS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase; VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide; NK1R: Neurokinin 1 receptor.