Sphincter of Oddi laxity: An important factor in hepatolithiasis

Table 1 Patient characteristics (n = 98)

Characteristics
Male/female	35/63
Mean age (yr)	52.8
Mean age of first onset (yr)	45.1
Mean follow-up period (mo)	42.1
Follow-up prevalence	100%
Simple IHL/IHL with choledocholith	38/60
Recurrence rate of this operation	16.3%
Mean number of operations	1.60
Number of patients with 1 operation	67
Number of patients with 2 operations	19
Number of patients with 3 operations	7
Number of patients with 4 operations	1
Number of patients with 5 operations	1
Number of patients with 6 operations	2
Number of patients with 11 operations	1
Number of patients with simple choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage	35
Number of patients with simple hepatectomy	20
Number of patients with choledocholithotomy, T-tube drainage and hepatectomy	35
Number of patients with simple choledochojejunostomy	5
Number of patients with choledochojejunostomy and hepatectomy	3
Recurrence index	0.072
Reoperation index	0.037

IHL: Intra-hepatolithiasis.

Table 2 Characteristics of patients in Groups I and II

	Group I	Group II
Number of patients	45	53
Male/female	18/27	17/36
Mean age (yr)	52.8	52.8
Mean age of first onset (yr)	41.9	47.8
Biliary visualization rate during duodenography	42.2%	0%
Mean follow-up period (mo)	38.4	41.9
Simple IHL/IHL with choledocholithiasis	15/30	14/39
Recurrence rate	22.2%	11.3%
Mean number of operations	2.07	1.21
Number of patients with 1 operation	22	45
Number of patients with 2 operations	12	7
Number of patients with 3 operations	7	0
Number of patients with 4 operations	1	0
Number of patients with 5 operations	0	1
Number of patients with 6 operations	2	0
Number of patients with 11 operations	1	0
Number of patients with simple choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage	14	21
Number of patients with simple hepatectomy	7	13
Number of patients with choledocholithotomy, T-tube drainage and hepatectomy	18	17
Number of patients with simple choledochojejunostomy	4	1
Number of patients with choledochojejunostomy and hepatectomy	2	1

Table 3 Comparison of Groups I and II

	Group I	Group II	P
Number of patients	45	53	-
Male/female	18/27	17/36	0.126
Mean age (yr)	52.8	52.8	0.771
Mean age of first onset (yr)	41.9	47.8	0.463
Mean follow-up period (mo)	39.9	43.9	0.145
Mean number of operations	2.07	1.21	< 0.001
Recurrence index	0.135	0.018	< 0.001
Reoperation index	0.07	0.01	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of Groups IA and IB

	Group IA	Group IB	P
Number of patients	6	39	-
Male/female	2/4	16/23	0.385
Mean age (yr)	58	52	0.845
Mean age of first onset (yr)	30.5	43.6	0.666
Mean follow-up period (mo)	42.5	39.5	0.905
Recurrence index	0	0.156	0.006
Reoperation index	0	0.081	0.034