Effects of exercise on lipid metabolism and musculoskeletal fitness in female athletes

doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i1.122

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Jan 1, 2004 (publication date) through Apr 27, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Research

World J Gastroenterol. Jan 1, 2004; 10(1): 122-126
Published online Jan 1, 2004. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i1.122

Table 1 Body composition of two groups

	66 females
Variables	Control group n=30	Athlete group n=36	K-Value
	mean rank
Body fat	31.68	35.01	0.483
BF%	33.83	33.22	0.898
BMI	32.45	34.38	0.685
Resistance	34.95	32.29	0.575

Table 2 Muscular strength and endurance assessment among controls and athlete groups

Group	n	Sit-reach	1 min sit-ups	Vertical jump	Hand grip	3 min steps	Vital capacity
Control group (mean rank)	30	22.18	22.05	22.23	31.27	29.60	30.58
Athlete group (mean rank)	36	42.93^a^b	43.04^a^b	42.89^a^b	35.36	36.75	35.93

^aK<0.001 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^bP < 0.001 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

Table 3 No significant differences in blood CHO and lipid variables between both groups

Group	n	HDL	LDL	CHO	TG	Hb
Control group	30	31.92	34.65	34.92	35.02	28.75
(mean rank)
Athlete group	36	34.82	32.54	32.32	32.24	37.46
(mean rank)

Table 4 Serum enzyme activities related to renal and liver metabolism

Group	n	ALP	Cre	ALB	DBIL
Control group (mean rank)	30	27.07	27.88	27.77	27.65
Athlete group (mean rank)	36	38.86^a^c	38.18^a^b	38.28^a	38.38^a

^aK < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with con-trol group.

^bP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^cP < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

Table 5 BMD, urine electrolytes, blood electrolytes in two groups

Group	n	Urine-Cre	Blood-Ca	BMD/radius	BMD /calcaneus	Blood-Cl
Control group (mean rank)	30	26.87	42.42	28.38	26.23	45.90
Athletes group (mean rank)	36	39.03^a^d	26.07^b	37.76^a	39.56^b^d	23.17^c

^aK < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^bK < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^cK < 0.001 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^dP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

Table 6 Hormonal findings in athletes with significance by non-parameter statistics test compared with controls

Group	n	Cortisol	E₃	T₃	T₄	PTH	HGH
Control group (mean rank)	30	32.28	25.78	31.77	36.43	31.37	35.65
Athletes group (mean rank)	36	34.51	39.93^a^b	34.94	31.06	35.28	31.71

^aK < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^bP < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

Table 7 Biochemical bone turnover markers and BMD in athletes with significance by non-parameter statistics test as compared with controls

Group	n	Dpd	Urine-Cre (24 hrs)	Dpd/Cre	BAP	BMD/radius	BMD/Calcaneus
Control group (mean rank)	30	25.87	27.23	25.72	20.10	28.38	26.23
Athletes group (mean rank)	36	39.86^b^e	38.72^a^d	39.99^b	43.83^c^f	37.76^a	39.56^b

^aK < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^bK < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^cK < 0.001 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^dP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^eP < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

^fP < 0.001 vs statistically significant when compared with control group.

Table 8 Postmenopausal female athlete lipid metabolism compared to premenopausal active athletes

Athletes group	n	BF%	BMI	HDL	LDL	CHO	TG	Hb
Premenopausal (mean rank)	31	16.84	17.08	20.15	16.74	16.98	16.55	18.79
Postmenopausal (mean rank)	5	28.60^a^c	27.30^b^e	8.30^a^c	29.40^a^d	27.90^a^c	30.60^b	16.70

^aK < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with premenopausal group.

^bK < 0.01 vs statistically significant when com-pared with premenopausal group.

^cP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with premenopausal group.

^dP < 0.01 vs statistically significant when compared with premenopausal group.

^eP < 0.001 vs statistically significant when compared with premenopausal group.

Table 9 Lipid metabolism of postmenopausal female athletes

Postmenopausal group	n	BMI	HDL	LDL	CHO	TG	Hb
Control group(mean rank)	9	6.56	9.00	7.11	7.06	6.44	7.61
Athletes group (mean rank)	5	9.20	4.80^a	8.20	8.30	9.40	7.30

^aP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when compared with post-menopausal control group.

Citation: Chen KT, Yang RS. Effects of exercise on lipid metabolism and musculoskeletal fitness in female athletes. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10(1): 122-126
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v10/i1/122.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v10.i1.122