Candida-mediated vertical transmission of Helicobacter pylori in C57BL/6J mice

Table 4 Rates of positive detection for the Helicobacter pylori 16S rDNA or urease A genes in maternal mice, n (%)

Group		Number of examined mice	Gastric mucosa samples		Intestinal contents		Vaginal tissues
			Hp 16S rDNA positive samples	Hp ureA positive samples	Hp 16S rDNA positive samples	Hp ureA positive samples	Hp 16S rDNA positive samples	Hp ureA positive samples
Modeling of vaginal infection with Candida1	V1	8	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)	3 (37.5)	0 (0)
	V2	10	0 (0)	1 (10.0)	2 (20.0)	0 (0)	1 (10.0)	0 (0)
	V3	10	3 (30.0)	1 (10.0)	3 (30.0)	1 (10.0)	0 (0)	4 (40.0)
	VC	6	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	VN	8	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Modeling of gastric infection with Candida2	G1	9	4 (44.4)	0 (0)	3 (33.3)	0 (0)	1 (11.1)	2 (22.2)
	G2	8	4 (50.0)	0 (0)	4 (50.0)	0 (0)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)
	G3	8	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	G4	8	3 (37.5)	0 (0)	3 (37.5)	0 (0)	2 (25.0)	1 (12.5)
	GC	8	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	GN	8	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

¹Group V1, V2, and V3 mice were intravaginally inoculated with Candida J115, H100, and Ca-co-Hp, respectively. Group VC mice were intravaginally inoculated with Candida Ca10231, whereas group VN mice received saline solution.

²Group G1 mice were infected with Helicobacter pylori via gavage, and Candida Ca10231 was intravaginally inoculated. Group G2, G3, G4, and GC mice were infected via gavage with the Candida strains W49, F67, Ca-co-Hp, and Ca10231, respectively. Group GN mice received saline solution via gavage. Strains J115, H100, W49, F67, and Ca-co-Hp were positive for Helicobacter pylori 16S rDNA and ureA genes, whereas the control strain, Ca10231, tested negative for both genes.

Hp: Helicobacter pylori; ureA: Urease A.