Microbiota signatures and genetic risk in pediatric celiac disease

Table 2 Comparative summary of microbiota studies in pediatric celiac disease

Ref.	Focus area	Key findings	Statistical significance/status
Zafeiropoulou et al[43]	New diagnosis vs GFD	No difference in diversity; GFD effect is dominant	Significant signature in taxon abundance
Olivares et al[54]	Early life and HLA	Impact of HLA-DQ2 on microbial colonization	Significance at the initial stage
Leonard et al[55]	Longitudinal risk monitoring	Microbial shifts occurring 18 months prior to diagnosis	Strong longitudinal significance
El Mouzan et al[56]	Bacteria + virus + fungi	Bacteria and virus combination as a robust diagnostic tool	High AUC value (0.818)
Salamon et al[57]	Bacteria + fungi + HLA	Intermediate microbiota form in siblings; influence of DQ8/DQ2.2	Significant difference in beta diversity

GFD: Gluten-free diet; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; AUC: Area under the curve.