Wenyang Jiedu Huayu Formula targets succinate metabolism to alleviate acute-on-chronic liver failure

Figure 4 Wenyang Jiedu Huayu Formula upregulates succinate dehydrogenase activity to clear succinate and inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. A: Succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in liver tissues measured by biochemical assay; B: Relative mRNA expression levels of Sdha and Sdhb in liver tissues determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; C: Western blot analysis of succinate dehydrogenase A and succinate dehydrogenase B protein expression in liver tissues; D: Relative mRNA expression level of Hif1a in liver tissues determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; E: Western blot analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein expression in liver tissues. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 per group). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, and ^dP < 0.0001. NC: Normal control group; WYJD: Wenyang Jiedu Huayu Formula; WYIN: Wenyang Jiedu Huayu Formula plus dimethyl malonate; SDH: Succinate dehydrogenase; HIF-α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-α.