Dual therapy with vildagliptin and sacubitril/valsartan alleviates portal hypertension and inhibits soluble epoxide hydrolase in cirrhotic rats

Figure 5 Glycemic status and steatohepatitis in choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet-fed rats. A: Changes in the body weights during the experimental period; B: Liver/body weight at the end of experiment; C: Serum glucose levels after 6 and 12 weeks of the experiment; D: Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining in liver tissues. Scale bar: 50 μm; E: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score based on HE staining; F and G: Serum alanine aminotransferase and albumin levels after 6 and 12 weeks of the experiment. Data are the mean ± SD (n = 6, A-C, E-G). ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01. ¹P vs choline-supplemented L-amino acid-defined, normal-fat diet-fed group + vehicle (saline)-treated group at 12 weeks (C, F and G) determined by Student’s t-test. Significant difference between groups (A and B). CSANFD: Choline-supplemented L-amino acid-defined, normal-fat diet; CDAHFD: Choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; Veh: Vehicle (saline)-treated groups; DP4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin)-treated group; Car: Carvedilol-treated group; ARNI group: Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril/valsartan)-treated group; CS: Choline-supplemented L-amino acid-defined, normal-fat diet-fed group; CD: Choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat die-fed groups. “Both group” defined dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor-treated group.