Melatonin-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2-driven glutamine metabolism

Figure 2 Melatonin promotes ferroptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and AsPC-1. A: Pancreatic cancer cells Panc-1 and AsPC-1 were treated with melatonin and different concentrations of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay (n = 3); B: Malondialdehyde levels in Panc-1 and AsPC-1 cells treated with different melatonin concentrations were measured using a commercial assay kit (n = 3); C: Lipid reactive oxygen species levels in Panc-1 and AsPC-1 cells treated with different melatonin concentrations were detected in situ using the C11-BODIPY 581/591 fluorescent probe (n = 3). MLT: Melatonin; Fer-1: Ferrostatin-1; MDA: Malondialdehyde; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, and ^dP < 0.0001.