TSC22D1 promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction and induces macrophage M1 polarization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Figure 4 Oxidized low-density lipoprotein upregulates TSC22D1 expression and promotes microvascular and endothelial-mesenchymal transition of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. A: Oil red O staining for the verification of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) intervention model; B: Western blot analysis of TSC22D1 expression in normal and oxLDL-treated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; C: Tube formation assay; D: Immunofluorescence staining for cluster of differentiation 34, laminin, and angiotensin-2, α-smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin; E: Fluorescence double staining for TSC22D1 and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. Student’s t test. Scale bar 50 μm, 200 × magnification. NC: Negative control; oxLDL: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; CD: Cluster of differentiation; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; Ang-2: Angiotensin-2; SMA: Smooth muscle actin; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; TWEAK: Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis.