Serum metabolomic characteristics and their predictive value for ninety-day prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 2 Clinical baseline characteristics and laboratory indices between the artificial liver blood purification system and standardized medical treatment groups

Characteristic	Total (n = 35)	SMT group		Total (n = 23)	ALBPS group		P valuea
		Survival (n = 22)	Death (n = 13)		Survival (n = 11)	Death (n = 12)
Age (years)	45 ± 11	42 ± 10	50 ± 11	50 ± 11	47 ± 9	52 ± 12	0.128
Male/female (n)	27/8	17/5	10/3	17/6	8/3	9/3	0.780
Liver disease etiology
HBV	10	8	2	17	7	7	NA
Alcohol	18	10	8	5	3	2	NA
Other	7	4	3	1	1	3	NA
MELD	18.83 ± 6.13	17.42 ± 5.86	21.21 ± 6.03	23.13 ± 6.74	21.41 ± 7.60	24.70 ± 5.73	0.015
MELD-Na	24.92 ± 10.00	21.61 ± 8.15	30.51 ± 10.65	24.44 ± 6.47	22.71 ± 8.05	26.02 ± 4.37	0.841
ALBPS sessions	-	-	-	3.74 ± 1.60	4.09 ± 1.30	3.42 ± 1.83	NA
Laboratory tests
WBC	6.75 (4.57-11.05)	6.51 (4.31-9.47)	7.96 (4.32-13.47)	7.32 (5.15-12.81)	6.03 (4.17-12.81)	9.38 (5.76-13.68)	0.465
NLR	5.88 (2.68-9.15)	5.18 (2.03-7.80)	9.15 (4.40-25.11)	7.09 ± 6.31	5.55 ± 5.82	8.50 ± 6.66	0.541
Hb	94.64 ± 28.37	97.83 ± 26.77	87.54 ± 30.64	110.13 ± 22.28	115.73 ± 18.33	105.00 ± 25.04	0.031
PLT	106.24 ± 81.53	127.02 ± 91.56	71.08 ± 45.07	120.35 ± 73.66	144.82 ± 72.28	97.92 ± 70.38	0.506
ALB	28.73 ± 5.31	29.34 ± 6.02	27.71 ± 3.82	34.00 ± 3.87	34.86 ± 4.97	33.21 ± 2.46	0.000
ALT	40.00 (20.00-70.00)	36.50 (19.50-124.50)	44.00 (22.50-70.00)	79.00 (47.00-203.00)	124.00 (79.00-222.00)	64.00 (30.25-81.50)	0.004
AST	75.00 (43.00-161.00)	77.50 (44.75-384.25)	75.00 (30.50-141.50)	148.00 (71.00-176.00)	167.00 (95.00-179.00)	126.50 (65.00-152.00)	0.048
ALP	149.69 ± 55.04	146.19 ± 54.91	155.62 ± 56.98	133.00 (115.00-203.00)	127.00 (107.00-203.00)	133.00 (117.00-210.75)	0.899
GGT	68.00 (36.00-165.00)	89.50 (36.75-171.25)	53.00 (30.50-164.50)	76.00 (49.00-108.00)	65.00 (50.00-108.00)	88.00 (44.25-172.25)	0.844
TBil	249.98 ± 80.28	237.03 ± 79.44	271.89 ± 79.93	287.00 (223.30-353.70)	225.00 (208.00-317.20)	312.25 (279.38-392.23)	0.046
Scr	70.00 ± 37.37	58.14 ± 20.57	90.08 ± 50.22	62.00 (52.00-79.00)	53.00 (51.00-78.00)	66.50 (60.25-83.50)	0.426
BUN	5.01 (3.75-9.00)	4.43 (3.46-5.71)	6.73 (4.50-17.04)	6.64 ± 5.57	4.54 ± 2.22	8.57 ± 7.16	0.830
Na+	132.34 ± 6.29	134.23 ± 5.31	129.15 ± 6.72	135.09 ± 2.66	134.55 ± 1.75	135.58 ± 3.29	0.053
APTT	43.22 ± 8.91	41.93 ± 8.70	45.39 ± 9.17	45.33 ± 10.58	43.96 ± 8.31	46.59 ± 12.55	0.415
INR	2.33 ± 0.59	2.26 ± 0.52	2.46 ± 0.69	2.57 ± 0.88	2.53 ± 0.69	2.61 ± 1.05	0.216

^aP value compares total artificial liver blood purification system vs total standardized medical treatment groups for each parameter.

SMT: Standardized medical treatment; ALBPS: Artificial liver blood purification system; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; MELD-Na: Model for end-stage liver disease with sodium; ALBPS: Artificial liver blood purification system; WBC: White blood cell; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; TBil: Total bilirubin; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Na⁺: Natrium; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International normalized ratio; NA: Not available.