Serum metabolomic characteristics and their predictive value for ninety-day prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and laboratory indices by clinical outcome, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Survival group (n = 33)	Death group (n = 25)	Statistic	P value
Age (years)	44 ± 10	51 ± 11	t = -2.520	0.015
Male/female (n)	25/8	19/6	Z = -0.021	0.983
Liver disease etiology
HBV	15	9	NA	NA
Alcohol	13	10	NA	NA
Other	5	6	NA	NA
MELD	18.75 ± 6.65	22.89 ± 6.03	t = -2.440	0.018
MELD-Na	21.98 ± 8.01	28.36 ± 8.41	t = -2.940	0.005
ALBPS sessions	1.36 ± 2.09	1.61 ± 2.14	t = -0.494	0.623
Laboratory tests
WBC	6.26 (4.36-9.85)	8.23 (5.23-13.40)	Z = -1.382	0.167
NLR	5.98 ± 6.56	11.46 ± 9.78	t = -2.548	0.014
Hb	104.47 ± 25.31	95.92 ± 28.91	t = 1.198	0.236
PLT	132.96 ± 84.89	83.96 ± 58.93	t = 2.468	0.017
ALB	31.18 ± 6.20	30.35 ± 4.24	t = 0.575	0.567
ALT	55.00 (28.00-212.50)	47.00 (25.50-76.00)	Z = -0.864	0.388
AST	107.00 (61.00-275.00)	105.00 (55.00-150.00)	Z = -1.083	0.279
ALP	132.00 (105.50-186.50)	137.00 (119.00-213.00)	Z = -0.958	0.338
GGT	68.00 (49.00-145.50)	76.00 (40.50-164.50)	Z = -0.196	0.844
TBil	235.10 (198.40-310.15)	297.50 (235.45-378.50)	Z = -2.206	0.027
Scr	53.00 (47.50-72.50)	68.00 (56.00-89.50)	Z = -2.223	0.026
BUN	5.25 ± 3.84	10.16 ± 8.38	t = -2.978	0.004
Na+	134.33 ± 4.14	132.24 ± 6.19	t = 1.505	0.138
APTT	42.61 ± 8.49	45.97 ± 10.70	t = -1.334	0.188
INR	2.35 ± 0.59	2.53 ± 0.87	t = -0.977	0.333

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; MELD-Na: Model for end-stage liver disease with sodium; ALBPS: Artificial liver blood purification system; WBC: White blood cell; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; TBil: Total bilirubin; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Na⁺: Natrium; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International normalized ratio; NA: Not available.