Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Bletilla striata and Chinese herbal compounds in treatment of peptic ulcer

Table 4 Mechanisms of Bletilla striata in peptic ulcer treatment

Mechanism of action	Specific manifestations	Research support
Anti-H. pylori activity	Inhibits the growth of H. pylori and reduces ulcer recurrence	Reduces H. pylori-associated ulcers[53]
Inhibition of inflammatory response	Downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and alleviates gastric mucosal inflammation	Suppresses the inflammatory cascade and limits inflammatory cell infiltration[54]
Enhancement of mucosal blood flow	Decreases nitric oxide activity and endothelin-1 Levels in gastric tissue	Improves mucosal perfusion and promotes tissue repair[55]
Promotion of cell proliferation and repair	Upregulates EGF and EGF receptor expression	Stimulates gastric epithelial proliferation and maintains mucosal integrity[55]
Immune modulation	Regulates cytokine secretion balance	Enhances the gastric mucosa’s defense against inflammation[56]
Antioxidant effect	Increases superoxide dismutase activity and reduces malondialdehyde content	Enhances antioxidant defense and limits oxidative tissue damage[57,58]

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde.