Factors influencing diagnostic delays in celiac disease

Table 4 Characteristics of patients with celiac disease based on blood urea nitrogen tertiles, mean ± SD/M (P₂₅, P₇₅)/n (%)

Indicators	Q1	Q2	Q3	P value
Gender				0.004
Female	48 (84.2)	38 (69.1)	30 (55.6)
Male	9 (15.8)	17 (30.9)	24 (44.4)
Ethnicity				0.001
Han	5 (8.8)	13 (23.6)	16 (29.6)
Uygur	17 (29.8)	18 (32.7)	25 (46.3)
Kazak	30 (52.6)	24 (43.6)	10 (18.5)
Other ethnic	5 (8.8)	0 (0.0)	3 (5.6)
tTG (CU)	769.3 (29, 1896.5)	967.4 (71.7, 2673.4)	263.2 (38.8, 1660)	0.639
BMI (kg/m2)	20.1 (18.4, 24.2)	21.9 (19, 24.1)	22.5 (20, 25.9)	0.705
First onset of symptoms to visit (months)	1 (0.5, 12)	3 (1, 12)	6 (1, 12.3)	0.514
First visit to diagnosis (months)	0 (0, 1)	0 (0, 18)	14 (0, 48)	0.002
Patients with comorbidities (%)	11 (19.3)	7 (12.7)	4 (7.4)	0.18
Patients without comorbidities	46 (80.7)	48 (87.3)	50 (92.6)
Non-classical CeD	5 (8.8)	10 (18.2)	13 (24.1)	0.094
Classical CeD	52 (91.2)	45 (81.8)	41 (75.9)
Number of hospitalizations ≤ 3	48 (84.2)	49 (89.1)	40 (74.1)	0.109
Number of hospitalizations > 3	9 (15.8)	6 (10.9)	14 (25.9)
Age at diagnosis	43.89 ± 11.78	47.67 ± 12.79	54.02 ± 12.67	< 0.001
Age of onset	42.85 ± 12.74	46.95 ± 12.87	52.70 ± 13.52	0.001
Education				0.636
Below junior high school	19 (33.3)	15 (27.3)	20 (37.0)
High school	22 (38.6)	28 (50.9)	21 (38.9)
Bachelor's degree or above	16 (28.1)	12 (21.8)	13 (24.1)
Job				0.031
Freelance	19 (33.3)	32 (58.2)	25 (46.3)
Contract	38 (66.7)	23 (41.8)	29 (53.7)
Pathology				0.438
Marsh II	29 (50.9)	31 (56.4)	34 (63.0)
Marsh III	28 (49.1)	24 (43.6)	20 (37.0)

tTG: The anti-tissue transglutaminase; BMI: Body mass index; CeD: Celiac disease.