Factors influencing diagnostic delays in celiac disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with celiac disease, n (%)

Measures	Diagnosed within 2 years (n = 93)	Delayed diagnosis group
		Diagnosed within 2-5 years (n = 42)	Diagnosed over 5 years (n = 31)	P value
Gender				0.485
Female	66 (71.0)	31 (73.8)	19 (61.3)
Male	27 (29.0)	11 (26.2)	12 (38.7)
Ethnicity				0.241
Han	17 (18.3)	12 (28.6)	5 (16.1)
Uygur	30 (32.3)	17 (40.5)	13 (41.9)
Kazak	41 (44.1)	10 (23.8)	13 (41.9)
Other ethnic	5 (5.4)	3 (7.1)	0 (0.0)
tTG (CU), M (P25, P75)	928.1 (45.4, 2279.2)	243.4 (32.1, 1254.6)	1082.5 (82.7, 1988.5)	0.745
BMI (kg/m2), M (P25, P75)	20.6 (18.7, 24.7)	22.3 (20.2, 25.1)	22.7 (19.1, 25.3)	0.874
First onset of symptoms to visit (months), M (P25, P75)	1 (0.6, 15)	12.3 (2, 36)	12 (1, 21)	< 0.001
First visit to diagnosis (months), M (P25, P75)	0 (0, 0)	20.6 (0, 24)	96 (60, 114)	< 0.001
Patients with comorbidities	15 (16.1)	5 (11.9)	2 (6.5)	0.371
Patients without comorbidities	78 (83.9)	37 (88.1)	29 (93.5)
Non-classical CeD	15 (16.1)	9 (21.4)	4 (12.9)	0.605
Classical CeD	78 (83.9)	33 (78.6)	27 (87.1)
Number of hospitalizations ≤ 3	85 (91.4)	33 (78.6)	19 (61.3)	< 0.001
Number of hospitalizations > 3	8 (8.6)	9 (21.4)	12 (38.7)
Age at diagnosis				0.046
≤ 45 years old	48 (51.6)	14 (33.3)	9 (29.0)
45-60 years old	37 (39.8)	23 (54.8)	21 (67.7)
> 60 years old	8 (8.6)	5 (11.9)	1 (3.2)
Age of onset				0.308
≤ 45 years old	33 (35.5)	11 (26.2)	9 (29.0)
45-55	37 (39.8)	13 (31.0)	13 (41.9)
> 55 years old	23 (24.7)	18 (42.9)	9 (29.0)
Education	31 (33.3)	13 (31.0)	10 (32.3)	0.826
Below junior high school
High school	37 (39.8)	21 (50.0)	13 (41.9)
Bachelor's degree or above	25 (26.9)	8 (19.0)	8 (25.8)
Job	44 (47.3)	18 (42.9)	14 (45.2)	0.888
Freelance
Contract	49 (52.7)	24 (57.1)	17 (54.8)
Pathology	51 (54.8)	25 (59.5)	18 (58.1)	0.865
Marsh II
Marsh III	42 (45.2)	17 (40.5)	13 (41.9)

tTG: The anti-tissue transglutaminase; BMI: Body mass index; CeD: Celiac disease.