Cardiopulmonary changes and its association with clinical features in noncirrhotic portal hypertension

Table 4 Features among those with and without portal hypertension (excluding smokers and beta blocker users)

Baseline characteristics	NCPH (n = 7)	Preclinical NCPH (n = 9)	P value1
Age (years)	51 (42-63)	46 (39-57)	0.6
Male gender, n (%)	4 (57)	5 (56)	0.8
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.8 (23.3-31.6)	25.1 (18.6-25.7)	0.09
Heart rate (bpm)	70 (67-80)	70 (65-75)	0.2
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	116 (113-128)	124 (114-129)	0.7
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	67 (55-71)	68 (68-69)	0.5
Oxygen saturation (%)	96 (96-98)	97 (96-97)	0.7
Sodium (mEq/L)	139 (138-140)	139 (138-139)	0.9
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8 (0.7-0.8)	0.8 (0.7-1.0)	0.7
Albumin (g/dL)	3.9 (3.8-3.9)	4.1 (3.5-4.2)	0.9
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	12.7 (11.9-14.1)	13 (12.8-15.7)	0.3
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	1.2 (0.6-3.9)	1.5 (1.0-2.6)	0.4
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	60 (59-62)	62 (62-65)	0.1
Cardiac output (L/min)	5.6 (5.2-7.8)	5.2 (4.4-6.0)	0.3
Cardiac index (L/min/m2)	2.9 (2.7-3.8)	2.8 (2.7-3.0)	0.5
LV diastolic volume (mL)	146 (133-164)	97 (89-121)	0.02
LV diastolic volume index (mL/m2)	69 (64-86)	57 (48-59)	0.04
LV mass index (gm/m2)	84.9 (80.5-98.3)	68.4 (64.1-86.5)	0.3
LV global longitudinal strain (%)	-22.7 (-24.4--19.0)	-21.6 (-22.3--19.9)	0.9
RV free wall strain (%)	-24.6 (-26.9--23.5)	-25.9 (-28.9--24.3)	0.6
RVSP (mmHg)	26 (24-38)	27 (25-30)	0.3
LA volume (ml)	80 (73-85)	46 (34-59)	0.03
LA volume index (mL/m2)	37 (35-44)	23 (22-29)	0.04
RA volume (mL)	57 (52-64)	28 (26-43)	0.09
RA volume index (mL/m2)	26 (26-30)	16 (13-20)	0.1
Septal MV E/e’	10.0 (8.1-11.7)	7.4 (6.5-8.8)	0.1
Lateral MV E/e’	7.8 (6.5-9.8)	4.9 (4.5-6.9)	0.1
Septal e’ (cm/s)	9 (8-11)	11 (10-11)	0.4
Lateral e’ (cm/s)	12 (12-15)	15 (10-15)	0.8
TAPSE (mm)	25 (22-26)	24 (23-25)	0.9
Mitral E to A ratio	1.2 (0.8-1.2)	1.4 (1.1-1.5)	0.9
IVC diameter (mm)	23.0 (16.8-30.8)	20.0 (12.0-21.0)	0.1

¹P values show a comparison among the groups using either student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and corrected χ² test or a 2-sided Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.

Data presented as median (IQR), mean (SD) or n (%). LVID: Left ventricular internal diameter; LV: Left ventricle; RV: Right ventricular; RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; LA: Left atrial; RA: Right atrial; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; IVC: Inferior vena cava; NCPH: Noncirrhotic portal hypertension.