Kushenol I combats ulcerative colitis via intestinal barrier preservation and gut microbiota optimization

Figure 11  Kushenol I preserves the intestinal barrier and optimizes gut microbiota to combat ulcerative colitis. AKT: Protein kinase B; CD: Cluster of differentiation; FOXO1: Forkhead box O1; GSH-PX: Glutathione peroxidase; IL: Interleukin; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1.