Cardiometabolic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An evidence-based review

Table 5 Definitions of metabolic liver diseases[211-213]

	NAFLD[211]	MAFLD[212]	MASLD[213]
Required criteria	Radiological or Histological evidence of hepatic steatosis
Cardiometabolic risks required		At least 1 of the following 3 criteria required: (1) Obesity: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in Caucasians; or BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians; (2) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (≥ 5.6 mmol/L), or on treatment for hyperglycaemia; and (3) Two or more of the following: Elevated waist circumference (Table 2); Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg; Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg; Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L); HDL-C < 40 mg/dL (< 1.03 mmol/L); hsCRP > 2 mg/L; Insulin resistance-HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5; or On treatments for diabetes	At least 1 of the following 5 criteria required: (1) Obesity defined by BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in Caucasians; or BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians; or elevated waist circumference: > 94 cm (males), > 80 cm (females); (2) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (≥ 5.6 mmol/L), or glucose level post glucose tolerance test ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), or HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/L) or on treatment for hyperglycaemia; (3) Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or on anti-hypertensive treatment; (4) Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L) or on lipid lowering therapy; and (5) HDL-C < 40 mg/dL (< 1.03 mmol/L) in men of < 50 mg/dL (< 1.29 mmol/L) in women or on treatment for dyslipidaemia
Additional criteria	Other causes of hepatic steatosis excluded

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; hsCRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.