Cardiometabolic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An evidence-based review

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i24.107661

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Jun 28, 2025 (publication date) through Jun 29, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2025; 31(24): 107661
Published online Jun 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i24.107661

Table 2 Observational studies examining prevalence of metabolic disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease[22,32-38,40,44,47,49,50,117,118,122,188,195,197,200-204]

Ref.	Country	Study type	Reference criteria	Total number of IBD patients (CD/UC/IBD-U)	Prevalence in IBD (%)	Prevalence in CD (%)	Prevalence in UC (%)
Metabolic syndrome
Nagahori et al[32]	Japan	Prospective, cross-sectional cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	102 (28/74/-)	18.6	7.1	23.0
Yorulmaz et al[38]	Turkey	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	IDF[22]	177 (62/115/-)	25.4	17.7	29.5
Sourianarayanane et al[34]	United States	Retrospective cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	217 (110/107/-)	16.6
Fitzmorris et al[200]	United States	Retrospective cohort	IDF[22]	868 (868/-/-)		4.3
Carr et al[35]	United States	Retrospective cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	84 (60/24/-)	23.0	20.0	29.0
Sartini et al[201]	Italy	Retrospective cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	78 (42/36/-)	23.1
Dragasevic et al[37]	Serbia	Prospective, cross-sectional cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188] and IDF[22]	104 (50/54/-)	32.7	36.0	29.6
Magrì et al[36]	Italy	Prospective cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	178 (83/95/-)	19.1
Jovanovic et al[202]	Serbia	Retrospective cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	89 (-/89/-)			81.0
Kang et al[33]	Korea	Retrospective cohort	NCEP-ATP III[188]	443 (274/169/-)	10.6
Obesity
Long et al[44]	United States	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²	1598 (paediatric population) (1027/571/-)	23.6	20.0	30.1
Nic Suibhne et al[50]	Ireland	Prospective case-control study	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²	100 (100/-/-)		17.0
Flores et al[49]	United States	Retrospective cohort	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²	581 (297/284/-)	32.7	30.3	35.2
Seminerio et al[47]	United States	Retrospective cohort	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²	1494 (860/634/-)	31.5	27.0	32.0
Elangovan et al[40]	United States	Retrospective cohort	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²	286, 760 (-/-/-)	37.3	36.9	38.5
Metabolic fatty liver disease
Martínez-Domínguez et al[117]	Spain	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	MASLD[197]	646 (-/-/-)	45.7
Zhang et al[122]	United Kingdom	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	MASLD[197]	4203 (1217/2642/344)	36.4
Oliveira et al[203]	Brazil	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	MASLD[197]	140 (89/51/-)	50.7	44.9	43.1
McHenry et al[118]	United States	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	NAFLD[195]	363 (363/-/-)			39.7
Hyun et al[204]	Korea	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	NAFLD[195]	3356 (1129/2227/-)	16.7	11.8	19.2
Zhang et al[123]	United Kingdom	Prospective cross-sectional cohort	MASLD[197]	4622 (1313/2914/-)	38.1

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD-U: Inflammatory bowel disease unclassified; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease, MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease; NCEP ATP III: National Cholesterol Program Adult Treatment Panel III; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; BMI: Body mass index.

Citation: Dutt K, Vasudevan A, Hodge A, Nguyen TL, Srinivasan AR. Cardiometabolic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An evidence-based review. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(24): 107661
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i24/107661.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i24.107661