Comparison of treatment strategies for submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria at esophagogastric junction or cardia

Table 4 Association between significant complications and clinicopathological characteristics, n (%)

	Without significant complication, 45 (90.0)1	With significant complication, 5 (10.0)1	RR (95%CI)	P value
Age, years
< 65	37 (82.2)	5 (100.0)	1 (reference)
≥ 65	8 (17.8)	0 (0.0)	1.27 (0.55-2.95)
Sex				0.706
Male	22 (48.9)	2 (40.0)	1 (reference)
Female	23 (51.1)	3 (60.0)	0.94 (0.43-2.06)
Location				0.006
EGJ or non-fundal side on cardia	29 (64.4)	0 (0.0)	1 (reference)
Cardia, fundal side	16 (35.6)	5 (100.0)	1.13 (0.53-2.45)
Tumor size	32.0 (25.0-40.0)	34.0 (32.0-35.0)		0.637
< 30 mm	23 (51.1)	2 (40.0)	1 (reference)
≥ 30 mm	22 (48.9)	3 (60.0)	0.96 (0.46-2.00)
Shape				0.254
Regular	24 (53.3)	4 (80.0)	1 (reference)
Irregular	21 (46.7)	1 (20.0)	2.35 (1.15-4.83)
Muscularis propria layer				0.487
Superficial	41 (91.1)	5 (100.0)	1 (reference)
Deep	4 (8.9)	0 (0.0)	1.81 (0.87-3.78)
Histology				0.336
Leiomyoma or GIST with low risk2	26 (57.8)	4 (80.0)	1 (reference)
GIST with intermediate to high risk3	19 (42.2)	1 (20.0)	0.92 (0.43-1.97)
Procedure type				0.637
Endoscopic resection4	22 (48.9)	3 (60.0)	1 (reference)
LWR	23 (51.1)	2 (40.0)	1.07 (0.22-5.28)
Long procedure				< 0.001
< 100 minutes	41 (91.1)	1 (20.0)	1 (reference)
≥ 100 minutes	4 (8.9)	4 (80.0)	0.96 (0.46-2.00)

¹Significant complications included delayed bleeding and pneumoperitoneum requiring needle aspiration.

²Size of < 2 cm and mitotic count of < 5 per 50 high-power fields.

³Size of ≥ 2 cm or mitotic count of ≥ 5 per 50 high-power fields.

⁴Endoscopic resection included endoscopic submucosal dissection and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection.

RR: Relative risk; CI: Confidence interval; EGJ: Esophagogastric junction; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; LWR: Laparoscopic wedge resection.