Intermittent fasting exacerbates colon inflammation by promoting Th17 cell differentiation through inhibition of gut microbiota-derived indoleacrylic acid

Figure 5 Transcriptomics reveals that intermittent fasting is associated with increased differentiation of Th17 cells. A: Principal component analysis showed a significant separation of the two groups in these two principal components; B: Compared to the normal control (NC) group, 1131 up-regulated differential genes and 630 downregulated differential genes; C: Hierarchical clustering of all significantly divergent genes and made as a heat map, show a significant difference between the two groups; D: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed based on the differential genes. Among them, immune-related pathways such as “T cell receptor signaling pathway” and “Th 17 cell differentiation” are the most obvious; E: Mouse intestinal tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining, found higher RORC genes in intermittent fasting (IF) group than in NC group; F: Flow cytometry showed that Th 17 cells were significantly higher in the IF group than in the NC group; G: By multiple immunofluorescence, compared with the NC group, The expression of cluster of differentiation 4 and interleukin-17 increased in the IF group; H: By performing the histochemical staining. Also found that compared with the NC group, Th 17 cells were significantly increased in the IF group. ^cP < 0.001. NC: Normal control; IF: Intermittent fasting; PC: Principal component; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; IL: Interleukin; CD: Cluster of differentiation.