Longitudinal computed tomography-based delta-radiomics of visceral adipose tissue predicts infliximab secondary loss of response in Crohn’s disease patients

Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 161)	Training (n = 112)	Validation (n = 49)	P value
Age (years)	29 (22, 38)	27 (21, 38)	31 (24, 38)	0.308
Male gender	129 (80.1)	90 (80.4)	39 (79.6)	0.999
BMI (kg/m²)	18.70 (16.60, 21.50)	19.10 (16.60, 21.50)	17.60 (16.60, 20.10)	0.282
Smoking	49 (30.4)	33 (29.5)	16 (32.7)	0.827
Platelet count (× 109 cells/L)	299 (299, 368)	298 (227, 377)	311 (234, 358)	0.834
Albumin (g/dL)	35.2 (32.3, 40.1)	35.2 (32.4, 39.9)	35.0 (31.7, 40.1)	0.827
ESR (mm/hour)	40.0 (22.0, 74.0)	42.0 (22.0,75.0)	37.0 (23.0,70.0)	0.887
CRP (mg/dL)	20.2 (5.0, 50.0)	21.6 (5.4, 49.9)	17.6 (5.0, 51.2)	0.779
Cr (μmol/L)	67 (59, 76)	68 (61, 77)	66 (58, 74)	0.309
NLR	4.3 (2.7, 5.8)	4.3 (2.7, 5.7)	4.0 (2.7, 6.0)	0.977
CDAI	159.0 (107.9, 234.2)	158.7 (99.5, 235.4)	159.0 (118.0, 230.0)	0.786
Montreal location classification				0.380
L1 (ileal disease)	58 (36.0)	41 (36.6)	17 (34.7)
L2 (colonic disease)	15 (9.3)	13 (11.6)	2 (4.1)
L3 (ileocolonic disease)	88 (54.7)	58 (51.8)	30 (61.2)
Montreal behaviour classification				0.554
B1 (non stricturing, non-penetrating)	72 (44.7)	47 (42.0)	25 (51.0)
B2 (stricturing)	79 (49.1)	58 (51.8)	21 (42.9)
B3 (penetrating)	10 (6.2)	7 (6.2)	3 (6.1)
Pre-IFX treatment
SAT area (cm2/m2)	20.0 (7.9, 33.4)	21.7 (8.3, 33.4)	19.2 (7.2, 33.4)	0.511
VAT area (cm2/m2)	8.1 (3.2, 25.9)	7.4 (3.2, 24.5)	9.7 (3.1, 28.0)	0.790
SAT volume (cm3/m3)	423.2 (166.0, 773.3)	438.2 (170.7, 758.5)	359.8 (155.1, 806.2)	0.901
VAT volume (cm3/m3)	187.3 (83.1, 421.4)	169.6 (79.15, 410.3)	214.7 (93.6, 468.1)	0.866
VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)	45 (28.0)	28 (25.0)	17 (34.7)	0.210
VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)	27 (16.8)	19 (17.0)	8 (16.3)	0.921
Post-IFX treatment
SAT area (cm2/m2)	22.7 (12.9, 35.6)	23.9 (13.7, 39.7)	19.8 (12.1, 31.7)	0.068
VAT area (cm2/m2)	11.0 (5.2, 24.9)	11.7 (6.1, 26.7)	9.8 (4.2, 20.3)	0.219
SAT volume (cm3/m3)	310.5 (166.1, 596.4)	321.5 (181.8, 627.6)	297.6 (156.8, 535.2)	0.368
VAT volume (cm3/m3)	436.2 (244.5, 759.9)	469.1 (272.9, 824.0)	359.6 (214.8, 626.8)	0.131
VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)	37 (23.0)	25 (22.3)	12 (24.5)	0.765
VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)	18 (11.2)	12 (10.7)	6 (12.2)	0.778

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range), (SD) or number (percentage). BMI: Body mass index; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; Cr: Creatinine; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; CDAI: Crohn’s disease activity index; IFX: Infliximab; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue.