Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2025; 31(20): 105269
Published online May 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i20.105269
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included patients grouped by occurrence of acute kidney injury, mean ± SD/n (%)
Variables
Non-AKI (n = 1257)
AKI (n = 251)
P value
Male642 (51.1)164 (65.3)< 0.001
Age (years), median (IQR)53.0 (41.0, 64.0)56.0 (44.0, 69.0)0.002
Hypertension304 (24.2)88 (35.1)< 0.001
DM177 (14.1)47 (18.7)0.059
CHD77 (6.1)26 (10.4)0.015
COPD48 (3.8)15 (6)0.119
Weight (kg), median (IQR)64.0 (56.0, 75.0)66.0 (55.0, 75.0)0.675
Height (cm), median (IQR)163.0 (158.0, 170.0)166.0 (158.0, 172.0)0.003
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)24.1 (21.8, 26.7)24.2 (20.9, 26.9)0.534
HR (bpm), median (IQR)78.0 (72.0, 90.0)90.0 (76.0, 109.5)< 0.001
SBP (mmHg), median (IQR)130.0 (119.0, 143.0)123.0 (110.0, 140.5)< 0.001
DBP (mmHg), median (IQR)80.0 (74.0, 90.0)80.0 (66.0, 89.0)0.001
RR (bpm), median (IQR)20.0 (19.0, 20.0)20.0 (19.0, 21.0)0.010
SpO2 (%), median (IQR)99.0 (98.0, 100.0)98.0 (96.0, 100.0)< 0.001
Mechanical ventilation73 (5.8)83 (33.1)< 0.001
Transfusion70 (5.6)93 (37.1)< 0.001
CRRT21 (1.7)66 (26.3)< 0.001
WBC (× 109/L), median (IQR)9.6 (6.4, 13.2)11.2 (7.8, 15.8)< 0.001
HGB (g/L), median (IQR)129.0 (116.0, 144.0)128.0 (106.0, 150.5)0.255
HCT (%), median (IQR)38.7 (34.9, 42.3)37.6 (32.2, 43.2)0.057
PLT (× 109/L), median (IQR)181.0 (139.0, 234.0)172.0 (111.0, 226.5)0.005
PCT (ng/mL), median (IQR)0.1 (0.0, 0.6)1.1 (0.2, 6.2)< 0.001
CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)31.4 (5.9, 119.0)90.8 (17.2, 198.6)< 0.001
AST (U/L), median (IQR)41.0 (23.0, 143.0)44.0 (25.0, 132.5)0.422
ALB (g/dL), median (IQR)39.1 (34.9, 42.7)34.9 (28.6, 39.7)< 0.001
FPG (mmol/L), median (IQR)6.6 (5.3, 8.9)7.5 (5.7, 11.2)< 0.001
AMY (U/L), median (IQR)163.0 (64.5, 716.0)193.0 (90.0, 580.0)0.124
TG (mmol/L), median (IQR)1.5 (1.0, 3.4)1.8 (1.2, 6.4)< 0.001
Na+ (mmol/L), median (IQR)139.7 (137.1, 141.8)137.9 (135.0, 141.1)< 0.001
Ca2+ (mmol/L), median (IQR)2.2 (2.1, 2.4)2.1 (1.9, 2.3)< 0.001
BUN (mmol/L), median (IQR)5.0 (3.8, 6.3)9.6 (5.9, 15.1)< 0.001
CREA (mmol/L), median (IQR)71.0 (59.0, 83.0)95.5 (84.0, 187.0)< 0.001
D-ePVS (dL/g), median (IQR)4.7 (4.0, 5.6)4.9 (3.8, 6.4)0.181
KH-ePVS (%), median (IQR)-2.5 (-10.0, 4.5)0.9 (-10.7, 13.1)0.002
Death5 (0.4)18 (7.2)< 0.001
LOS (day), median (IQR)13.0 (10.0, 18.0)16.0 (10.0, 26.0)< 0.001
ICU115 (9.1)127 (50.6)< 0.001
SOFA (score)2.2 ± 1.95.0 ± 3.6< 0.001
BISAP (score)1.2 ± 1.12.0 ± 1.3< 0.001
Biliary887 (70.6)130 (51.8)
Hyperlipidemic289 (23)64 (25.5)
Alcoholic42 (3.3)8 (3.2)
Others39 (3.1)49 (19.5)
Severity of AP (%)< 0.001
Mild and moderate800 (63.6)90 (35.9)
Severe457 (36.4)161 (64.1)
IQR: Interquartile range; AKI: Acute kidney injury; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CHD: Coronary heart disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; SpO2: Pulse oxygen saturation; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement treatment; WBC: White blood cell count; HGB: Hemoglobin; HCT: Hematocrit; PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; PLT: Platelet; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin; AMY: Amylase; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TG: Triglyceride; Na+: Sodium; Ca2+: Calcium; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CREA: Creatinine; D-ePVS: Duarte formula-based estimated plasma volume status; KH-ePVS: Kaplan-Hakim formula-based estimated plasma volume status; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: Length of hospital stay; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment score; BISAP: Bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis score; AP: Acute pancreatitis; Mechanical ventilation: Noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation; Transfusion: Blood transfusion.