Technical success, clinical efficacy, and safety of endoscopic minor papilla interventions for symptomatic pancreatic diseases

Figure 1 Technical details of endoscopic minor papilla intervention procedures in representative patients. The solid line indicates therapeutic intervention and unsolid line indicates diagnostic intervention. ¹Including 4 patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis (3 of them with impacted stones) and 1 patient with pancreas divisum and chronic pancreatitis. ²Two or more interventional procedures were performed in some individual patients. ³Two patients received both needle-knife precut minor papillotomy (NKPMP) and endoscopic minor papillotomy (EMP). ⁴A 5 Fr stent (n = 10) or 7-8.5 Fr stent (n = 20) was used and ultimately exchanged in some cases with a single 10 Fr stent (n = 2) and double 7 Fr stents (n = 4) to treat the stricture. ⁵Four patients received diagnostic intervention after therapeutic intervention procedures including EMP (n = 4) and balloon dilation of the minor papilla and stricture (n = 1) for SpyGlass passing through the stricture and balloon sweep (n = 2) for mucin removal. IDUS: Intraductal ultrasound; PD: Pancreatic duct.